Question 1

Which of the following is responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  the larynx 
B)  the epiglottis 
C)  the pharynx 
D)  the intercostal muscles 
A)  the larynx 
B)  the epiglottis 
C)  the pharynx 
D)  the intercostal muscles

Question 2

In which animal would perfusion be least efficient during gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fish 
B)  a bird 
C)  a flatworm 
D)  a human 
A)  a fish 
B)  a bird 
C)  a flatworm 
D)  a human

Question 3

Match each term with its description.
-exhalation

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 4

Through what process is O2 transported into the blood from air in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  osmosis 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  simple diffusion 
A)  active transport 
B)  osmosis 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  simple diffusion

Question 5

Match each term with its description.
-physiological respiration

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 6

What is the gas transport cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  a synonym for gas diffusion 
B)  steps in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport between the environment and mitochondria 
C)  steps in oxygen transport only, between the environment and mitochondria 
D)  steps in carbon dioxide transport only, between the environment and mitochondria 
A)  a synonym for gas diffusion 
B)  steps in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport between the environment and mitochondria 
C)  steps in oxygen transport only, between the environment and mitochondria 
D)  steps in carbon dioxide transport only, between the environment and mitochondria

Question 7

Which airway structure acts as the "windpipe"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the bronchus 
B)  the bronchiole 
C)  the larynx 
D)  the trachea 
A)  the bronchus 
B)  the bronchiole 
C)  the larynx 
D)  the trachea

Question 8

What would you predict to happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively cool?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B)  O2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
C)  CO2 would release from hemoglobin. 
D)  O2 would release from hemoglobin. 
A)  CO2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B)  O2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
C)  CO2 would release from hemoglobin. 
D)  O2 would release from hemoglobin.

Question 9

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Accepted Answer

A)  to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to hemoglobin 
B)  to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to O2 
C)  to speed up the conversion of CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+ 
D)  to speed up the conversion of HCO3- and O- into CO2 and H2O 
A)  to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to hemoglobin 
B)  to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to O2 
C)  to speed up the conversion of CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+ 
D)  to speed up the conversion of HCO3- and O- into CO2 and H2O

Question 10

Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Each molecule of hemoglobin can bind to six molecules of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

CO2 and H2O are converted to HCO3- and H+ in the blood of the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Where in an insect tracheal system does gas exchange occur between the air and a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the tracheoles 
B)  in the tracheal branches 
C)  in the trachea 
D)  in the gill filaments 
A)  in the tracheoles 
B)  in the tracheal branches 
C)  in the trachea 
D)  in the gill filaments

Question 14

Birds utilize crosscurrent mechanisms to optimize diffusion of O2 across their respiratory surfaces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe three adaptations that enhance the function of a respiratory surface.

Accepted Answer

Gas diffusion can be enhanced across a r

Question 16

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  It sustains an optimal thermal environment for gas exchange. 
B)  It optimizes perfusion to the respiratory surface. 
C)  It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient. 
D)  It optimizes delivery of the respiratory medium to the respiratory surface. 
A)  It sustains an optimal thermal environment for gas exchange. 
B)  It optimizes perfusion to the respiratory surface. 
C)  It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient. 
D)  It optimizes delivery of the respiratory medium to the respiratory surface.

Exam 40: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Which of the following is responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing?

In which animal would perfusion be least efficient during gas exchange?

Match each term with its description. -exhalation

Through what process is O2 transported into the blood from air in the lungs?

Match each term with its description. -physiological respiration

What is the gas transport cascade?

Which airway structure acts as the "windpipe"?

What would you predict to happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively cool?

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing.

Each molecule of hemoglobin can bind to six molecules of oxygen.

CO2 and H2O are converted to HCO3- and H+ in the blood of the lungs.

Where in an insect tracheal system does gas exchange occur between the air and a cell?

Birds utilize crosscurrent mechanisms to optimize diffusion of O2 across their respiratory surfaces.

Describe three adaptations that enhance the function of a respiratory surface.

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Through what process is O₂ transported into the blood from air in the lungs?

CO₂ and H₂O are converted to HCO₃^- and H⁺ in the blood of the lungs.

Birds utilize crosscurrent mechanisms to optimize diffusion of O₂ across their respiratory surfaces.