Question 1

Which of the following determine the development of male or female sex organs in the human embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  genes on the X chromosome 
B)  genes on the Y chromosome 
C)  environmental factors 
D)  genes on the somatic chromosomes 
A)  genes on the X chromosome 
B)  genes on the Y chromosome 
C)  environmental factors 
D)  genes on the somatic chromosomes

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an escalation in parental investment?

Accepted Answer

A)  moving young but not eggs inside the parent's body 
B)  moving eggs but not young inside the parent's body 
C)  moving eggs and young outside the parent's body 
D)  moving eggs and young inside the parent's body 
A)  moving young but not eggs inside the parent's body 
B)  moving eggs but not young inside the parent's body 
C)  moving eggs and young outside the parent's body 
D)  moving eggs and young inside the parent's body

Question 3

Identify each labelled part of the illustration.  
-yolk sac

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each labelled part of the illustration....

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individual organisms do not have to seek mates. 
B)  It promotes genetic diversity. 
C)  In stable environments, the offspring are as well-adapted as the parents. 
D)  It is less energetically costly than asexual reproduction. 
A)  Individual organisms do not have to seek mates. 
B)  It promotes genetic diversity. 
C)  In stable environments, the offspring are as well-adapted as the parents. 
D)  It is less energetically costly than asexual reproduction.

Question 5

Which of these processes is one of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  fission 
B)  fertilization 
C)  budding 
D)  fragmentation 
A)  fission 
B)  fertilization 
C)  budding 
D)  fragmentation

Question 6

At what point in development is a human embryo considered to be a fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 weeks 
B)  8 weeks 
C)  4 weeks 
D)  2 weeks 
A)  10 weeks 
B)  8 weeks 
C)  4 weeks 
D)  2 weeks

Question 7

Figure 44-2  
-In Figure 44-2, what structure is indicated by number 1?

Accepted Answer

A)  the vitelline coat 
B)  the acrosome 
C)  a mature follicle 
D)  the zona pellucida 
A)  the vitelline coat 
B)  the acrosome 
C)  a mature follicle 
D)  the zona pellucida

Question 8

Match each hormone with its correct description.
-testosterone

Accepted Answer

A) triggers ovulation 
B) stimulates Sertoli cells 
C) stimulates growth of the endometrium 
D) secreted by Sertoli cells and the corpus luteum 
E) secreted by the hypothalamus
F)secreted by follicular cells
G)secreted by the corpus luteum even after it regresses later in pregnancy; blocks uterine contractions until time of birth is near
H)secreted by Leydig cells 
A) triggers ovulation 
B) stimulates Sertoli cells 
C) stimulates growth of the endometrium 
D) secreted by Sertoli cells and the corpus luteum 
E) secreted by the hypothalamus
F)secreted by follicular cells
G)secreted by the corpus luteum even after it regresses later in pregnancy; blocks uterine contractions until time of birth is near
H)secreted by Leydig cells

Question 9

Figure 44-1  
-In Figure 44-1, which number refers to the site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 10

Why could an ultrasound performed at week 4 of development be unable to determine the sex of a developing human fetus?

Accepted Answer

The male and female structures look near

Question 11

Put the following mechanisms of development in the order in which they occur.
-fifth mechanism

Accepted Answer

A) cell movements 
B) determination 
C) differentiation 
D) induction 
E) mitotic cell divisions
F)selective cell adhesions 
A) cell movements 
B) determination 
C) differentiation 
D) induction 
E) mitotic cell divisions
F)selective cell adhesions

Question 12

Match each term to its definition.
-gastrula

Accepted Answer

A) fluid-filled cavity within the blastomere 
B) stage in which an embryo has three tissue layers 
C) solid ball of blastomeres 
D) opening that eventually becomes the anus 
E) process that involves an increase in number of cells, but not an increase in mass
F)early stage in formation of the nervous system
G)second stage of cleavage; a formed hollow cavity 
A) fluid-filled cavity within the blastomere 
B) stage in which an embryo has three tissue layers 
C) solid ball of blastomeres 
D) opening that eventually becomes the anus 
E) process that involves an increase in number of cells, but not an increase in mass
F)early stage in formation of the nervous system
G)second stage of cleavage; a formed hollow cavity

Question 13

Which of these terms is another name for the birth canal?

Accepted Answer

A)  oviduct 
B)  vulva 
C)  uterus 
D)  vagina 
A)  oviduct 
B)  vulva 
C)  uterus 
D)  vagina

Question 14

What do enzymes in the mammalian acrosome do?

Accepted Answer

A)  digest the zona pellucida 
B)  inhibit premature ejaculation 
C)  digest the endometrium 
D)  stimulate ovulation 
A)  digest the zona pellucida 
B)  inhibit premature ejaculation 
C)  digest the endometrium 
D)  stimulate ovulation

Question 15

Which of the following refers to the discharge that results from menstrual flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  the follicle 
B)  the lining of the endometrium 
C)  the blood from vessels on the outside of the uterus 
D)  the corpus luteum 
A)  the follicle 
B)  the lining of the endometrium 
C)  the blood from vessels on the outside of the uterus 
D)  the corpus luteum

Question 16

In some species of sharks, babies hatch from shells within their mother's body. What is this behaviour an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  oviparity 
B)  viviparity 
C)  ovoviviparity 
D)  budding 
A)  oviparity 
B)  viviparity 
C)  ovoviviparity 
D)  budding

Question 17

Which of these statements best describes the gametes of most animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sperm is large and motile; an egg is small and nonmotile. 
B)  A sperm is small and motile; an egg is large and nonmotile. 
C)  A sperm is large and nonmotile; an egg is small and motile. 
D)  A sperm is small and nonmotile; an egg is large and motile. 
A)  A sperm is large and motile; an egg is small and nonmotile. 
B)  A sperm is small and motile; an egg is large and nonmotile. 
C)  A sperm is large and nonmotile; an egg is small and motile. 
D)  A sperm is small and nonmotile; an egg is large and motile.

Question 18

In humans, how does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spermatogenesis involves meiosis; oogenesis involves mitosis. 
B)  Spermatogenesis produces fewer numbers of gametes. 
C)  Spermatogenesis begins at birth; oogenesis begins at puberty. 
D)  Spermatogenesis continues throughout life; oogenesis ends at menopause. 
A)  Spermatogenesis involves meiosis; oogenesis involves mitosis. 
B)  Spermatogenesis produces fewer numbers of gametes. 
C)  Spermatogenesis begins at birth; oogenesis begins at puberty. 
D)  Spermatogenesis continues throughout life; oogenesis ends at menopause.

Question 19

Which sequence places the three primary cell layers of an embryo in order from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

A)  endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm 
B)  mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm 
C)  ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm 
D)  ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm 
A)  endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm 
B)  mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm 
C)  ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm 
D)  ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Question 20

Match each term with its definition.
-induction

Accepted Answer

A) undifferentiated muscle cells 
B) pigmented layer of cytoplasm opposite from point of entry of sperm 
C) rounded layer of cells at the surface of yolk in birds 
D) solid rod of tissue that is involved in neurulation 
E) fingerlike extensions into the endometrium
F)clear fibrous protein
G)programmed cell death
H)event when a group of cells influences a nearby group of cells 
A) undifferentiated muscle cells 
B) pigmented layer of cytoplasm opposite from point of entry of sperm 
C) rounded layer of cells at the surface of yolk in birds 
D) solid rod of tissue that is involved in neurulation 
E) fingerlike extensions into the endometrium
F)clear fibrous protein
G)programmed cell death
H)event when a group of cells influences a nearby group of cells

Exam 44: Animal Reproduction

Which of the following determine the development of male or female sex organs in the human embryo?

Which of the following is an example of an escalation in parental investment?

Identify each labelled part of the illustration. -yolk sac

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Which of these processes is one of sexual reproduction?

At what point in development is a human embryo considered to be a fetus?

Figure 44-2 -In Figure 44-2, what structure is indicated by number 1?

Match each hormone with its correct description. -testosterone

Figure 44-1 -In Figure 44-1, which number refers to the site of fertilization?

Why could an ultrasound performed at week 4 of development be unable to determine the sex of a developing human fetus?

Put the following mechanisms of development in the order in which they occur. -fifth mechanism

Match each term to its definition. -gastrula

Which of these terms is another name for the birth canal?

What do enzymes in the mammalian acrosome do?

Which of the following refers to the discharge that results from menstrual flow?

In some species of sharks, babies hatch from shells within their mother's body. What is this behaviour an example of?

Which of these statements best describes the gametes of most animals?

In humans, how does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis?

Which sequence places the three primary cell layers of an embryo in order from superficial to deep?

Match each term with its definition. -induction

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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