Question 1

What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome is a linear DNA m

Question 2

Which term represents two identical copies of a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  sister chromosomes 
B)  sister chromatids 
C)  brother chromosomes 
D)  brother chromatids 
A)  sister chromosomes 
B)  sister chromatids 
C)  brother chromosomes 
D)  brother chromatids

Question 3

Certain cell types in humans, such as skeletal muscle cells, have several nuclei per cell. Based on what we know about mitosis, how could this happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell undergoes repeated mitosis with associated cytokinesis. 
B)  The cell undergoes repeated cytokinesis, but not mitosis. 
C)  The cell undergoes anaphase twice before entering telophase. 
D)  The cell undergoes repeated mitosis, but not cytokinesis. 
A)  The cell undergoes repeated mitosis with associated cytokinesis. 
B)  The cell undergoes repeated cytokinesis, but not mitosis. 
C)  The cell undergoes anaphase twice before entering telophase. 
D)  The cell undergoes repeated mitosis, but not cytokinesis.

Question 4

Which of the following best compares prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells with respect to their chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  two circular chromosomes in prokaryotic cells versus numerous circular chromosomes, depending on the species, in eukaryotic cells 
B)  a single circular chromosome in prokaryotic cells versus many linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells 
C)  one linear chromosome in prokaryotic cells versus many circular chromosomes in eukaryotic cells 
D)  several circular chromosomes in prokaryotic cells versus many linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells 
A)  two circular chromosomes in prokaryotic cells versus numerous circular chromosomes, depending on the species, in eukaryotic cells 
B)  a single circular chromosome in prokaryotic cells versus many linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells 
C)  one linear chromosome in prokaryotic cells versus many circular chromosomes in eukaryotic cells 
D)  several circular chromosomes in prokaryotic cells versus many linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells

Question 5

How is cell cytokinesis in plant cells different than cytokinesis in animal cells? Explain both.

Accepted Answer

In animals, the layer of microtubules th

Question 6

In which phase do human nerve cells remain once they become mature?

Accepted Answer

A)  in G2 
B)  in G1 
C)  in G0 
D)  in S 
A)  in G2 
B)  in G1 
C)  in G0 
D)  in S

Question 7

Suppose that a somatic cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells during mitosis. Prior to mitosis occurring, which of the following must occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell must first be fertilized. 
B)  Chromatids must be separated. 
C)  The cell must replicate its DNA. 
D)  The nucleus must divide. 
A)  The cell must first be fertilized. 
B)  Chromatids must be separated. 
C)  The cell must replicate its DNA. 
D)  The nucleus must divide.

Question 8

Figure 7-1   Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York
-Which stage of mitosis is depicted in photo A in Figure 7-1?

Accepted Answer

A)  interphase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  prophase 
D)  anaphase 
A)  interphase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  prophase 
D)  anaphase

Question 9

Identify the stage of mitosis in which each activity occurs.
-RNA synthesis shuts down.

Accepted Answer

A) prophase 
B) prometaphase 
C) metaphase 
D) anaphase 
E) telophase 
A) prophase 
B) prometaphase 
C) metaphase 
D) anaphase 
E) telophase

Question 10

In which type of cell do duplicated centrioles move to opposite poles, and during which part of the cell cycle does this occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  in a plant cell, during prophase 
B)  in an animal cell, during prophase 
C)  in a plant cell, during metaphase 
D)  in an animal cell, during metaphase 
A)  in a plant cell, during prophase 
B)  in an animal cell, during prophase 
C)  in a plant cell, during metaphase 
D)  in an animal cell, during metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following terms is synonymous with restriction point?

Accepted Answer

A)  G2 checkpoint 
B)  G1 checkpoint 
C)  G0 checkpoint 
D)  S checkpoint 
A)  G2 checkpoint 
B)  G1 checkpoint 
C)  G0 checkpoint 
D)  S checkpoint

Question 12

Suppose that, at the beginning of interphase in G1, a cell has 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in that same cell in G2 of interphase?

Accepted Answer

A)  72 
B)  64 
C)  36 
D)  18 
A)  72 
B)  64 
C)  36 
D)  18

Question 13

Which of the following is the reason why blooms may be harmful?

Accepted Answer

A)  They attack fish. 
B)  They are always all toxic. 
C)  They often threaten drinking water supplies. 
D)  They exhaust all food available to fish. 
A)  They attack fish. 
B)  They are always all toxic. 
C)  They often threaten drinking water supplies. 
D)  They exhaust all food available to fish.

Question 14

Embryonic development begins with a single egg being fertilized by a single sperm, thus forming a zygote; the zygote then undergoes mitosis. How many cells would be present at the conclusion of four mitotic divisions?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  8 
C)  4 
D)  2 
A)  16 
B)  8 
C)  4 
D)  2

Question 15

Which term refers to the mechanism of prokaryotic growth, DNA replication, and cell division that results in two identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis 
B)  binary fission 
C)  budding 
D)  mitosis 
A)  meiosis 
B)  binary fission 
C)  budding 
D)  mitosis

Question 16

Which term refers to duplication of the complete set of chromosomes in an organism's cell, followed by the separation of the duplicated chromosomes into two new cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote formation 
B)  mitotic cell division 
C)  binary fission 
D)  meiotic cell division 
A)  zygote formation 
B)  mitotic cell division 
C)  binary fission 
D)  meiotic cell division

Question 17

Figure 7-1   Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York
-Which stage of mitosis is shown in photo B in Figure 7-1?

Accepted Answer

A)  interphase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  prophase 
D)  anaphase 
A)  interphase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  prophase 
D)  anaphase

Question 18

Figure 7-1   Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York
-Which stage of mitosis is shown in photo D in Figure 7-1?

Accepted Answer

A)  telophase 
B)  anaphase 
C)  prophase 
D)  interphase 
A)  telophase 
B)  anaphase 
C)  prophase 
D)  interphase

Question 19

During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

A)  in anaphase and telophase 
B)  in prophase and metaphase 
C)  in prophase and anaphase 
D)  in prophase and telophase 
A)  in anaphase and telophase 
B)  in prophase and metaphase 
C)  in prophase and anaphase 
D)  in prophase and telophase

Question 20

What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  to provide a point of attachment for spindle fibres on chromosomes 
B)  to connect the two sister chromatids 
C)  spindle formation 
D)  the generation of flagella and cilia 
A)  to provide a point of attachment for spindle fibres on chromosomes 
B)  to connect the two sister chromatids 
C)  spindle formation 
D)  the generation of flagella and cilia

Exam 7: Cell Cycles

What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?

Which term represents two identical copies of a chromosome?

Certain cell types in humans, such as skeletal muscle cells, have several nuclei per cell. Based on what we know about mitosis, how could this happen?

Which of the following best compares prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells with respect to their chromosomes?

How is cell cytokinesis in plant cells different than cytokinesis in animal cells? Explain both.

In which phase do human nerve cells remain once they become mature?

Suppose that a somatic cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells during mitosis. Prior to mitosis occurring, which of the following must occur?

Figure 7-1 Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York -Which stage of mitosis is depicted in photo A in Figure 7-1?

Identify the stage of mitosis in which each activity occurs. -RNA synthesis shuts down.

In which type of cell do duplicated centrioles move to opposite poles, and during which part of the cell cycle does this occur?

Which of the following terms is synonymous with restriction point?

Suppose that, at the beginning of interphase in G1, a cell has 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in that same cell in G2 of interphase?

Which of the following is the reason why blooms may be harmful?

Embryonic development begins with a single egg being fertilized by a single sperm, thus forming a zygote; the zygote then undergoes mitosis. How many cells would be present at the conclusion of four mitotic divisions?

Which term refers to the mechanism of prokaryotic growth, DNA replication, and cell division that results in two identical daughter cells?

Which term refers to duplication of the complete set of chromosomes in an organism's cell, followed by the separation of the duplicated chromosomes into two new cells?

Figure 7-1 Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York -Which stage of mitosis is shown in photo B in Figure 7-1?

Figure 7-1 Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York -Which stage of mitosis is shown in photo D in Figure 7-1?

During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids?

What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Suppose that, at the beginning of interphase in G₁, a cell has 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in that same cell in G₂ of interphase?