Exam 3: Physical Evidence

The product rule is used to determine the frequency of occurrence of ________ profiles, typically determined from blood and other biological materials.

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)Database containing shoe prints B)Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty C)The process of determining a substance's physical or chemical identity D)The process for developing DNA profiles from a buccal swab in 90 minutes or less E)Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source F)The process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin G)Database containing fingerprints H)Database containing ballistics information I)Database containing DNA profiles J)Formula for determining how frequently a certain combination of characteristics occurs in a population. -NIBIN

Class evidence is not unique and therefore not useful to forensic scientists.

To calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the ________ can be applied by using a series of blood factors that occur independently of each other.

If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has ________ characteristics.

CODIS is maintained by the FBI and thus does not enable local crime laboratories to electronically exchange and compare DNA profiles.

The French scientist ________ mathematically determined the probability of two individuals having the same fingerprints.

The process of identification requires the adoption of testing procedures that give characteristic results for specific ________ materials.

The examination of a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim's garment side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of:

Paint chips, random glass fragments, and synthetic fibers all exhibit:

Bloodstains only have class characteristics.

Identification is the process of determining a substance's physical or chemical identity.

Which database includes more than 300 manufacturers of shoes with more than 8,000 different sole patterns?

IAFIS is maintained by the ________.

The ________ rule can be used to show the likelihood of two pieces of evidence containing the exact same set of characteristics.

Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring factors is called the:

The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ________ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics.

The value of ________ evidence lies in its ability to corroborate events with data that are, as nearly as possible, free of human error and bias.

List some of the advantages of class physical evidence.

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)became fully operational in what year?