Exam 1: Introduction

Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?

Locard's exchange principle states that whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is an exchange of materials between them.

Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 40 years?

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)When two objects come into contact with each other, a cross-transfer of materials occurs B)Application of science to the law C)A process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and systematic collection, organization, and analysis of information D)An individual whom the court determines to possess a particular skill or knowledge in a trade or profession that is not expected of the average layperson and that will aid a court in determining the truth of a matter at trial E)Public belief that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence F)A systematic procedure that involved taking a series of body measurements as a means of distinguishing one individual from another G)Lie detector H)Describes the services of a crime laboratory I)Visual graphic display of speech J)Specialized area in which the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings is examined -Forensic psychiatry

Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?

Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?

In Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the "gatekeeping" role of a trial judge:

The lay witness provides testimony that relies on:

The comparison of hairs and fibers would be performed in the biology unit.

Forensic odontologists look at bones to identify victims.

Forensic science is the application of science to:

The federal government has no single law enforcement or investigative agency that has unlimited jurisdiction throughout the country.

Which of the following services are typically provided to law enforcement by crime laboratories?

The five basic services a crime lab can provide are the physical science unit, the biology unit, the firearms unit, the document examination unit, and the photography unit.

The increase in crime rates in the U.S. has led to an increase in the number of crime laboratories.

The dramatization of forensic science on television has led to a phenomenon known as the:

Regional laboratories have decreased the accessibility of many local law enforcement agencies to a crime laboratory.

In 1972, New York began creating an integrated network of state-operated forensic laboratories consisting of regional and satellite facilities.

Which unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence?

________ was the first to use a comparison microscope to analyze bullets to determine whether they were fired from the same gun.