Question 1

Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?

Accepted Answer

A) Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans. 
B) Infectious diseases that existed in the past but for a variety of reasons are increasing in incidence. 
C) Infectious diseases that were previously found in humans and typically jump from a human host to animals. 
D) Non-infectious diseases that have transformed into infectious diseases. 
A) Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans. 
B) Infectious diseases that existed in the past but for a variety of reasons are increasing in incidence. 
C) Infectious diseases that were previously found in humans and typically jump from a human host to animals. 
D) Non-infectious diseases that have transformed into infectious diseases.

Question 2

Pollutants that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones are called:

Accepted Answer

A) radioisotopes 
B) synergists 
C) stimulants 
D) endocrine disrupters 
A) radioisotopes 
B) synergists 
C) stimulants 
D) endocrine disrupters

Question 3

A toxicologist is most likely to study which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The impact of acid precipitation 
B) DDT exposure in golf course workers 
C) Risk of heart disease in relation to obesity 
D) Types of malaria in Africa 
A) The impact of acid precipitation 
B) DDT exposure in golf course workers 
C) Risk of heart disease in relation to obesity 
D) Types of malaria in Africa

Question 4

DDT was sprayed in a Long Island salt marsh over a period of years for mosquito control.A portion of the food web is as follows:
Algae -> shrimp-> American eel -> Atlantic needlefish -> ring-billed gull
In which organism would biological magnification be MOST evident?

Accepted Answer

A) Algae 
B) Shrimp 
C) American eel 
D) Ring-billed gull 
A) Algae 
B) Shrimp 
C) American eel 
D) Ring-billed gull

Question 5

What is E.coli?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) virus 
C) protozoa 
D) parasitic worm 
A) bacteria 
B) virus 
C) protozoa 
D) parasitic worm

Question 6

What is the effect of pesticides like DDT on birds?

Accepted Answer

A) Pesticides like DDT bioaccumulate in the tissues and cause infertility in the females. 
B) DDT bioaccumulates and causes females to lay eggs with very thin shells that break during the incubation period killing the chicks. 
C) Birds like the bald eagle have the highest concentration of DDT because they are at the top of the food chain. 
D) b & c 
A) Pesticides like DDT bioaccumulate in the tissues and cause infertility in the females. 
B) DDT bioaccumulates and causes females to lay eggs with very thin shells that break during the incubation period killing the chicks. 
C) Birds like the bald eagle have the highest concentration of DDT because they are at the top of the food chain. 
D) b & c

Question 7

Which of the following associations between children,adults,and pesticides is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) Children often face greater exposure,from playing in contaminated areas and putting their hands and other objects into their mouth. 
B) Children's developing bodies exhibit lower response from a given amount of pesticide than do aging adult bodies. 
C) Pesticide exposure affects development of height and reproductive organs in young children but commonly cause brain cancer and leukemia in adults. 
D) Children have more stringent pesticide regulations to protect their health than do adults. 
A) Children often face greater exposure,from playing in contaminated areas and putting their hands and other objects into their mouth. 
B) Children's developing bodies exhibit lower response from a given amount of pesticide than do aging adult bodies. 
C) Pesticide exposure affects development of height and reproductive organs in young children but commonly cause brain cancer and leukemia in adults. 
D) Children have more stringent pesticide regulations to protect their health than do adults.

Question 8

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This statement is the heart of the?

Accepted Answer

A) remedial principle. 
B) exposure principle 
C) persistence principle. 
D) precautionary principle. 
A) remedial principle. 
B) exposure principle 
C) persistence principle. 
D) precautionary principle.

Question 9

What is the precautionary principle?What are the advantages and potential challenges of such an approach?Identify one way in which this principle has created international controversy.

Accepted Answer

The precautionary principle is the polic

Question 10

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

A) Cholera 
B) Typhoid 
C) Cryptosporidiosis 
D) Malaria 
A) Cholera 
B) Typhoid 
C) Cryptosporidiosis 
D) Malaria

Question 11

A dose-response curve shows:

Accepted Answer

A) the dose of a given chemical that is lethal to 50% of the population. 
B) the dose of a given chemical that is lethal to 90% of the population. 
C) the correct dose to use in the treatment of illness. 
D) the effect of different doses on a population of test organisms. 
A) the dose of a given chemical that is lethal to 50% of the population. 
B) the dose of a given chemical that is lethal to 90% of the population. 
C) the correct dose to use in the treatment of illness. 
D) the effect of different doses on a population of test organisms.

Question 12

The precautionary principle assigns decisions about adopting new technologies to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A) governmental regulatory agencies like the EPA 
B) nongovernmental consumer safety groups 
C) the corporations developing the technologies 
D) individual consumers 
A) governmental regulatory agencies like the EPA 
B) nongovernmental consumer safety groups 
C) the corporations developing the technologies 
D) individual consumers

Question 13

An antagonistic interaction in a chemical mixture results in:

Accepted Answer

A) the expected effect given the individual effect of each component. 
B) a greater combined effect than expected given the individual effect of each component. 
C) a smaller combined effect than expected given the individual effect of each component. 
D) no chemical reaction. 
A) the expected effect given the individual effect of each component. 
B) a greater combined effect than expected given the individual effect of each component. 
C) a smaller combined effect than expected given the individual effect of each component. 
D) no chemical reaction.

Question 14

Which of the following controls the regulation of toxins in the environment in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) United States Department of Agriculture 
B) Environmental Protection Agency 
C) United States Fish and Wildlife Service 
D) Environmental Working Group 
A) United States Department of Agriculture 
B) Environmental Protection Agency 
C) United States Fish and Wildlife Service 
D) Environmental Working Group

Question 15

What is a pandemic?

Accepted Answer

A) an acute disease 
B) a toxic disease 
C) a viral disease 
D) a global disease 
A) an acute disease 
B) a toxic disease 
C) a viral disease 
D) a global disease

Question 16

The study of the effects of chemical,biological,and physical agents on the health of human populations is called:

Accepted Answer

A) toxicology 
B) ecology 
C) epidemiology 
D) chronic toxicity 
A) toxicology 
B) ecology 
C) epidemiology 
D) chronic toxicity

Question 17

Given the data in the accompanying table,which of the chemicals is the most toxic

$\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Chemical } & \mathrm{LD}_{50}(\mathrm{mg} \mathrm{kg}) \text { administered or ally to rats } \
\hline \text { Nicotine } & 2.0 \
\hline \text { Cocaine } & 17.5 \
\hline \text { Heroin } & 150.0 \
\hline \text { Caffeine } & 200.0 \
\hline \text { Morphine } & 500.0\
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A) nicotine 
B) heroin 
C) morphine 
D) caffeine 
A) nicotine 
B) heroin 
C) morphine 
D) caffeine

Question 18

Which of the following is required to adequately quantify risk using a risk assessment
1.Comparison groups must be formed to compare hazards.
2.Deaths caused by a hazard.
3.An environmental relationship to the risk must be established.
4.The long term impacts of hazard must be studied.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 4 only 
E) 1 and 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 4 only 
E) 1 and 4

Question 19

Which of the following action(s)may unintentionally contribute to outbreaks and rapid spread of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A) global travel 
B) social and economic factors 
C) disruption of natural environments 
D) all of these choices 
A) global travel 
B) social and economic factors 
C) disruption of natural environments 
D) all of these choices

Question 20

A dose that is represented as LD₅₀ is a dose that:

Accepted Answer

A) is administered to 50% of the population. 
B) causes 50% of a population to exhibit whatever response is under study. 
C) has a threshold response of 50%. 
D) kills half of the population of test animals. 
A) is administered to 50% of the population. 
B) causes 50% of a population to exhibit whatever response is under study. 
C) has a threshold response of 50%. 
D) kills half of the population of test animals.

Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?

Pollutants that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones are called:

A toxicologist is most likely to study which of the following?

DDT was sprayed in a Long Island salt marsh over a period of years for mosquito control.A portion of the food web is as follows: Algae -> shrimp-> American eel -> Atlantic needlefish -> ring-billed gull In which organism would biological magnification be MOST evident?

What is E.coli?

What is the effect of pesticides like DDT on birds?

Which of the following associations between children,adults,and pesticides is CORRECT?

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This statement is the heart of the?

What is the precautionary principle?What are the advantages and potential challenges of such an approach?Identify one way in which this principle has created international controversy.

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

A dose-response curve shows:

The precautionary principle assigns decisions about adopting new technologies to which of the following groups?

An antagonistic interaction in a chemical mixture results in:

Which of the following controls the regulation of toxins in the environment in the United States?

What is a pandemic?

The study of the effects of chemical,biological,and physical agents on the health of human populations is called:

Given the data in the accompanying table,which of the chemicals is the most toxic Chemical () administered or ally to rats Nicotine 2.0 Cocaine 17.5 Heroin 150.0 Caffeine 200.0 Morphine 500.0

Which of the following is required to adequately quantify risk using a risk assessment 1.Comparison groups must be formed to compare hazards. 2.Deaths caused by a hazard. 3.An environmental relationship to the risk must be established. 4.The long term impacts of hazard must be studied.

Which of the following action(s)may unintentionally contribute to outbreaks and rapid spread of infectious disease?

A dose that is represented as LD₅₀ is a dose that:

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Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?

Pollutants that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones are called:

A toxicologist is most likely to study which of the following?

DDT was sprayed in a Long Island salt marsh over a period of years for mosquito control.A portion of the food web is as follows: Algae -> shrimp-> American eel -> Atlantic needlefish -> ring-billed gull In which organism would biological magnification be MOST evident?

What is E.coli?

What is the effect of pesticides like DDT on birds?

Which of the following associations between children,adults,and pesticides is CORRECT?

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This statement is the heart of the?

What is the precautionary principle?What are the advantages and potential challenges of such an approach?Identify one way in which this principle has created international controversy.

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

A dose-response curve shows:

The precautionary principle assigns decisions about adopting new technologies to which of the following groups?

An antagonistic interaction in a chemical mixture results in:

Which of the following controls the regulation of toxins in the environment in the United States?

What is a pandemic?

The study of the effects of chemical,biological,and physical agents on the health of human populations is called:

Given the data in the accompanying table,which of the chemicals is the most toxic Chemical () administered or ally to rats Nicotine 2.0 Cocaine 17.5 Heroin 150.0 Caffeine 200.0 Morphine 500.0

Which of the following is required to adequately quantify risk using a risk assessment 1.Comparison groups must be formed to compare hazards. 2.Deaths caused by a hazard. 3.An environmental relationship to the risk must be established. 4.The long term impacts of hazard must be studied.

Which of the following action(s)may unintentionally contribute to outbreaks and rapid spread of infectious disease?

A dose that is represented as LD₅₀ is a dose that:

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

The Ocean and Fisheries

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

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