Question 1

Retention of which ion causes water retention and edema formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Bicarbonate 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Bicarbonate

Question 2

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  Erythropoietin 
C)  Aldosterone 
D)  PTH 
A)  ADH 
B)  Erythropoietin 
C)  Aldosterone 
D)  PTH

Question 3

An osmotic diuresis is most commonly caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  ketonuria. 
B)  albuminuria. 
C)  glucosuria. 
D)  hypoglycemia. 
A)  ketonuria. 
B)  albuminuria. 
C)  glucosuria. 
D)  hypoglycemia.

Question 4

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cations: sodium, potassium, calcium 
B)  Acid-base imbalances: acidosis, alkalosis 
C)  Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys 
D)  Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma 
A)  Cations: sodium, potassium, calcium 
B)  Acid-base imbalances: acidosis, alkalosis 
C)  Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys 
D)  Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma

Question 5

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma H+ concentration 
B)  Hydration status of the body 
C)  Plasma potassium 
D)  The buffering capacity of the blood 
A)  Plasma H+ concentration 
B)  Hydration status of the body 
C)  Plasma potassium 
D)  The buffering capacity of the blood

Question 6

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  is released in response to hypovolemia. 
B)  causes Na+ excretion. 
C)  causes K+ reabsorption. 
D)  determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water. 
A)  is released in response to hypovolemia. 
B)  causes Na+ excretion. 
C)  causes K+ reabsorption. 
D)  determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water.

Question 7

Which condition stimulates Kussmaul respirations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Ketoacidosis 
D)  Hypocalcemic tetany 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Ketoacidosis 
D)  Hypocalcemic tetany

Question 8

K⁺

Accepted Answer

A)  is a cation. 
B)  is an acid. 
C)  neutralizes H+. 
D)  is the chief extracellular cation. 
A)  is a cation. 
B)  is an acid. 
C)  neutralizes H+. 
D)  is the chief extracellular cation.

Question 9

Hyperventilation is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  a blood pH higher than 7.45. 
B)  diuresis. 
C)  edema. 
D)  acidosis. 
A)  a blood pH higher than 7.45. 
B)  diuresis. 
C)  edema. 
D)  acidosis.

Question 10

More than 99% of which cation is stored in the bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Calcium 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Calcium

Question 11

A change of pH from 7.40 to 7.25

Accepted Answer

A)  is indicative of expanded blood volume. 
B)  is indicative of alkalosis. 
C)  reflects an increase in the amount of H+ in the blood. 
D)  is within normal limits. 
A)  is indicative of expanded blood volume. 
B)  is indicative of alkalosis. 
C)  reflects an increase in the amount of H+ in the blood. 
D)  is within normal limits.

Question 12

Which of the following best indicates the role of albumin in water balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ 
B)  Enhances the renal excretion of K+ 
C)  Maintains plasma oncotic pressure 
D)  "Plugs up" capillary pores, keeping water in the plasma 
A)  Blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ 
B)  Enhances the renal excretion of K+ 
C)  Maintains plasma oncotic pressure 
D)  "Plugs up" capillary pores, keeping water in the plasma

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygenation of blood 
B)  Excretion of carbon dioxide 
C)  Secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+ 
D)  Regulation of blood pH 
A)  Oxygenation of blood 
B)  Excretion of carbon dioxide 
C)  Secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+ 
D)  Regulation of blood pH

Question 14

Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  cystitis. 
B)  acidosis. 
C)  edema. 
D)  dehydration. 
A)  cystitis. 
B)  acidosis. 
C)  edema. 
D)  dehydration.

Question 15

A patient with pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide (Lasix),a kaliuretic diuretic.He has lost 6.6 lb over a 48-hr period.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  His urinary output has decreased. 
B)  He has lost water weight. 
C)  He will become hyperkalemic if the furosemide is continued. 
D)  The loss of 6.6 lb causes "tenting." 
A)  His urinary output has decreased. 
B)  He has lost water weight. 
C)  He will become hyperkalemic if the furosemide is continued. 
D)  The loss of 6.6 lb causes "tenting."

Question 16

With carbon dioxide retention,CO? + H?O $\rightarrow$

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O2. 
B)  H+ + HCO3-. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  H2O + H2O. 
A)  H2O2. 
B)  H+ + HCO3-. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  H2O + H2O.

Question 17

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH, aldosterone 
B)  ADH, ANF 
C)  HCO3-, H2CO3 
D)  Sodium, potassium 
A)  PTH, aldosterone 
B)  ADH, ANF 
C)  HCO3-, H2CO3 
D)  Sodium, potassium

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to happen when fatty acids are broken down rapidly and incompletely?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plasma pH decreases, causing metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  The patient hypoventilates in an attempt to correct the pH disturbance. 
C)  Ketoacids are produced, causing metabolic acidosis. 
D)  The plasma [H+] decreases. 
A)  The plasma pH decreases, causing metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  The patient hypoventilates in an attempt to correct the pH disturbance. 
C)  Ketoacids are produced, causing metabolic acidosis. 
D)  The plasma [H+] decreases.

Question 19

Which of the following is least descriptive of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tenting 
B)  Anasarca 
C)  Hypovolemia 
D)  Concentrated plasma 
A)  Tenting 
B)  Anasarca 
C)  Hypovolemia 
D)  Concentrated plasma

Question 20

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of which ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  H+ 
D)  Cl- 
A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  H+ 
D)  Cl-

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Retention of which ion causes water retention and edema formation?

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

An osmotic diuresis is most commonly caused by

Which group is incorrect?

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Aldosterone

Which condition stimulates Kussmaul respirations?

K⁺

Hyperventilation is most likely to cause

More than 99% of which cation is stored in the bones and teeth?

A change of pH from 7.40 to 7.25

Which of the following best indicates the role of albumin in water balance?

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

A patient with pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide (Lasix),a kaliuretic diuretic.He has lost 6.6 lb over a 48-hr period.Which statement is true?

With carbon dioxide retention,CO? + H?O →\rightarrow→

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Which of the following is most likely to happen when fatty acids are broken down rapidly and incompletely?

Which of the following is least descriptive of dehydration?

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of which ion?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

Filters

With carbon dioxide retention,CO? + H?O $\rightarrow$