Question 1

Most body water is located within which space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstitial 
B)  Intravascular 
C)  Intracellular 
D)  Transcellular 
A)  Interstitial 
B)  Intravascular 
C)  Intracellular 
D)  Transcellular

Question 2

Excessive secretion of ADH,as occurs with head injury,is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  tenting. 
B)  blood volume expansion. 
C)  diuresis. 
D)  hypernatremia. 
A)  tenting. 
B)  blood volume expansion. 
C)  diuresis. 
D)  hypernatremia.

Question 3

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph 
B)  Interstitial 
C)  Plasma 
D)  Transcellular 
A)  Lymph 
B)  Interstitial 
C)  Plasma 
D)  Transcellular

Question 4

Generally speaking the movement of Na+ determines the

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pH. 
B)  blood glucose. 
C)  secretion of PTH. 
D)  movement of water. 
A)  blood pH. 
B)  blood glucose. 
C)  secretion of PTH. 
D)  movement of water.

Question 5

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph 
B)  Plasma 
C)  Interstitial 
D)  Transcellular 
A)  Lymph 
B)  Plasma 
C)  Interstitial 
D)  Transcellular

Question 6

Which of the following is most apt to cause a hypocalcemic tetany?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Rapid and excess fat catabolism 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  pH < 7.35 
A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Rapid and excess fat catabolism 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  pH < 7.35

Question 7

Which of the following anions buffers H⁺?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ 
B)  HCO3- 
C)  Na+ 
D)  K+ 
A)  Ca2+ 
B)  HCO3- 
C)  Na+ 
D)  K+

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of metabolic acidosis with a respiratory compensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphine overdose and diuresis 
B)  Persistent vomiting and hypoventilation 
C)  Ketoacidosis and Kussmaul respirations 
D)  Hypocalcemic tetany and hyperventilation 
A)  Morphine overdose and diuresis 
B)  Persistent vomiting and hypoventilation 
C)  Ketoacidosis and Kussmaul respirations 
D)  Hypocalcemic tetany and hyperventilation

Question 9

Which of the following is the trigger for the release of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood volume 
B)  Renin 
C)  Dehydration 
D)  More than one of the above are true. 
A)  Decreased blood volume 
B)  Renin 
C)  Dehydration 
D)  More than one of the above are true.

Question 10

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of which cation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Sodium 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Sodium

Question 11

Which of the following is the chief extracellular cation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Potassium 
A)  Chloride 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Potassium

Question 12

Under which condition will the renal reabsorption of bicarbonate increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  As a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis 
B)  Whenever blood pH exceeds 7.45 
C)  As a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Whenever a person hyperventilates 
A)  As a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis 
B)  Whenever blood pH exceeds 7.45 
C)  As a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Whenever a person hyperventilates

Question 13

This anion is an important part of a major buffer pair and therefore plays an important role in acid-base regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  HCO3- 
D)  More than one of the above are true. 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  HCO3- 
D)  More than one of the above are true.

Question 14

An unconscious diabetic patient with a blood sugar of 450 mg/dL has an elevated temperature and is experiencing Kussmaul respirations.You suspect that

Accepted Answer

A)  he is excreting large amounts of bicarbonate in his urine. 
B)  his PO2 is normal or high-normal. 
C)  his blood pH is 7.25. 
D)  Two of the above are true. 
A)  he is excreting large amounts of bicarbonate in his urine. 
B)  his PO2 is normal or high-normal. 
C)  his blood pH is 7.25. 
D)  Two of the above are true.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is most apt to cause a dilutional hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess ingestion of water 
B)  Dehydration 
C)  Hypotension 
D)  Diaphoresis 
A)  Excess ingestion of water 
B)  Dehydration 
C)  Hypotension 
D)  Diaphoresis

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diuresis 
B)  Polyuria 
C)  Hematuria 
D)  Dehydration 
A)  Diuresis 
B)  Polyuria 
C)  Hematuria 
D)  Dehydration

Question 17

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ions: sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride 
B)  Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys 
C)  Extracellular fluid: intravascular, interstitial, transcellular 
D)  Substances that are normally found in a sample of urine: urea, creatinine, glucose 
A)  Ions: sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride 
B)  Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys 
C)  Extracellular fluid: intravascular, interstitial, transcellular 
D)  Substances that are normally found in a sample of urine: urea, creatinine, glucose

Question 18

Which of the following is a pH descriptive of ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.50 
B)  pH > 7.45 
C)  14.0 
D)  7.25 
A)  7.50 
B)  pH > 7.45 
C)  14.0 
D)  7.25

Question 19

Excess diuresis is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  edema. 
B)  overhydration. 
C)  blood volume depletion. 
D)  acidosis. 
A)  edema. 
B)  overhydration. 
C)  blood volume depletion. 
D)  acidosis.

Question 20

Which of the following can be defined as an H⁺ donor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ion 
B)  Tincture 
C)  Acid 
D)  Bicarbonate 
A)  Ion 
B)  Tincture 
C)  Acid 
D)  Bicarbonate

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Most body water is located within which space?

Excessive secretion of ADH,as occurs with head injury,is most likely to cause

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Generally speaking the movement of Na+ determines the

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

Which of the following is most apt to cause a hypocalcemic tetany?

Which of the following anions buffers H⁺?

Which of the following is an example of metabolic acidosis with a respiratory compensation?

Which of the following is the trigger for the release of ADH?

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of which cation?

Which of the following is the chief extracellular cation?

Under which condition will the renal reabsorption of bicarbonate increase?

This anion is an important part of a major buffer pair and therefore plays an important role in acid-base regulation.

An unconscious diabetic patient with a blood sugar of 450 mg/dL has an elevated temperature and is experiencing Kussmaul respirations.You suspect that

Which of the following conditions is most apt to cause a dilutional hyponatremia?

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

Which group is incorrect?

Which of the following is a pH descriptive of ketoacidosis?

Excess diuresis is most likely to cause

Which of the following can be defined as an H⁺ donor?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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