Question 1

A cation has a ________ charge,and an anion has a ________ charge.

Accepted Answer

A) positive negative 
B) negative positive 
C) positive neutral 
D) neutral positive 
E) negative negative 
A) positive negative 
B) negative positive 
C) positive neutral 
D) neutral positive 
E) negative negative

Question 2

An individual unit of soil aggregates (a lump of soil)is termed a

Accepted Answer

A) solum. 
B) separate. 
C) pedon. 
D) ped. 
E) horizon. 
A) solum. 
B) separate. 
C) pedon. 
D) ped. 
E) horizon.

Question 3

Which of the following terms related to soil consistence is correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) friable - easily pulverized 
B) plasticity - inorganic polymer such as plastic 
C) indurated - weakly cemented 
D) moist soil - brittle and rigid 
E) wet soil - one half field capacity 
A) friable - easily pulverized 
B) plasticity - inorganic polymer such as plastic 
C) indurated - weakly cemented 
D) moist soil - brittle and rigid 
E) wet soil - one half field capacity

Question 4

Texture refers to ________,whereas structure refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) soil particle size the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods" 
B) the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods" soil particle size 
C) soil fertility soil productivity 
D) soil productivity soil fertility 
E) cohesiveness ability to hold water. 
A) soil particle size the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods" 
B) the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods" soil particle size 
C) soil fertility soil productivity 
D) soil productivity soil fertility 
E) cohesiveness ability to hold water.

Question 5

Discuss the nature and usefulness of the five pedogenic regimes.

Accepted Answer

Pedogenic regimes refer to the different

Question 6

Which of the following is true of the C horizon?

Accepted Answer

A) it is equivalent to the organic layer. 
B) it is high in clay concentrations. 
C) it is generally made up of carbonates,gypsum,or soluble salts. 
D) although it may be deep,it lies within the realm of significant biological influences. 
E) roots fill this layer. 
A) it is equivalent to the organic layer. 
B) it is high in clay concentrations. 
C) it is generally made up of carbonates,gypsum,or soluble salts. 
D) although it may be deep,it lies within the realm of significant biological influences. 
E) roots fill this layer.

Question 7

Ped formation benefits soils because it enhances

Accepted Answer

A) soil texture and colour. 
B) porosity and permeability. 
C) permeability and colour. 
D) soil texture and permeability. 
E) productivity and colour. 
A) soil texture and colour. 
B) porosity and permeability. 
C) permeability and colour. 
D) soil texture and permeability. 
E) productivity and colour.

Question 8

Soil texture is probably the most permanent property of a soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

As with many areas of interest to geographers,soil science is a ________ concerned with ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sharply limited and defined subject memorization of facts about Earth 
B) sharply limited and defined subject spatial distributions and processes 
C) multidisciplinary subject memorization of facts about Earth 
D) multidisciplinary subject spatial distributions and processes 
E) strictly defined discipline sustaining life processes. 
A) sharply limited and defined subject memorization of facts about Earth 
B) sharply limited and defined subject spatial distributions and processes 
C) multidisciplinary subject memorization of facts about Earth 
D) multidisciplinary subject spatial distributions and processes 
E) strictly defined discipline sustaining life processes.

Question 10

Organic soils develop in cold,arid climates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Each differing and distinct mineral and organic strata within a soil column is called a horizon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The C horizon lies within the zone of significant biological activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A pedon is the basic soil mapping unit,and a polypedon is the basic soil sampling unit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the soil is ________ that of the atmosphere because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) greater than roots and organisms respire 
B) greater than carbon dioxide seeps out of the underlying regolith 
C) less than plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis 
D) less than virtually all the carbon dioxide in the soil combines with water to form carbonic acid 
E) the same as gases mix and expand to fill the volume provided. 
A) greater than roots and organisms respire 
B) greater than carbon dioxide seeps out of the underlying regolith 
C) less than plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis 
D) less than virtually all the carbon dioxide in the soil combines with water to form carbonic acid 
E) the same as gases mix and expand to fill the volume provided.

Question 15

Soil structure can be defined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) crumb or granular 
B) blocky or straight 
C) prismatic or flat 
D) platy or compressed 
E) round or columnar 
A) crumb or granular 
B) blocky or straight 
C) prismatic or flat 
D) platy or compressed 
E) round or columnar

Question 16

In Russia and Ukraine the grassland soils of the "fertile triangle" are described as

Accepted Answer

A) Chernozems (Mollisols). 
B) too cool,too dry,too rugged,and poor soil fertility. 
C) highly weathered forest soils. 
D) recent,or undeveloped soils. 
E) Podzolic (Spodosols) 
A) Chernozems (Mollisols). 
B) too cool,too dry,too rugged,and poor soil fertility. 
C) highly weathered forest soils. 
D) recent,or undeveloped soils. 
E) Podzolic (Spodosols)

Question 17

Calcification processes accumulate excess calcium carbonates as illuviated deposits in the B horizon,and may cause caliche to develop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Since 1950,as much as 38 percent of the world's farmable land has been lost to soil erosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following soil conditions would tend to favor the development of an eluvial layer?

Accepted Answer

A) high clay content 
B) platy structure 
C) high sand content 
D) high organic content 
A) high clay content 
B) platy structure 
C) high sand content 
D) high organic content

Question 20

Why are Chernozemic soils so good for agriculture? Where are they typically located?

Accepted Answer

Chernozemic soils, also known as Chernoz

Exam 18: The Geography of Soils

A cation has a ________ charge,and an anion has a ________ charge.

An individual unit of soil aggregates (a lump of soil)is termed a

Which of the following terms related to soil consistence is correctly paired?

Texture refers to ________,whereas structure refers to ________.

Discuss the nature and usefulness of the five pedogenic regimes.

Which of the following is true of the C horizon?

Ped formation benefits soils because it enhances

Soil texture is probably the most permanent property of a soil.

As with many areas of interest to geographers,soil science is a ________ concerned with ________.

Organic soils develop in cold,arid climates.

Each differing and distinct mineral and organic strata within a soil column is called a horizon.

The C horizon lies within the zone of significant biological activity.

A pedon is the basic soil mapping unit,and a polypedon is the basic soil sampling unit.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the soil is ________ that of the atmosphere because ________.

Soil structure can be defined by which of the following?

In Russia and Ukraine the grassland soils of the "fertile triangle" are described as

Calcification processes accumulate excess calcium carbonates as illuviated deposits in the B horizon,and may cause caliche to develop.

Since 1950,as much as 38 percent of the world's farmable land has been lost to soil erosion.

Which of the following soil conditions would tend to favor the development of an eluvial layer?

Why are Chernozemic soils so good for agriculture? Where are they typically located?

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth's Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Climate Systems and Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems and Landforms

Eolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

A cation has a charge,and an anion has a charge.

Texture refers to ,whereas structure refers to .

As with many areas of interest to geographers,soil science is a concerned with .

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the soil is that of the atmosphere because .