Question 1

Thermokarst refers to landscapes developed by the dissolution of limestone rock by glacial meltwater.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ________ ice density and ________ the sphericity (roundness)of the original snowflakes.

Accepted Answer

A) increase increase 
B) increase decrease 
C) decrease increase 
D) decrease decrease 
A) increase increase 
B) increase decrease 
C) decrease increase 
D) decrease decrease

Question 3

Small bedrock protrusions at the base of a glacier are often overrun by a process known as ________,which occurs because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) ablation ice melts when it is sufficiently compressed 
B) ablation ice deforms when it is subjected to pressure 
C) regelation ice melts when it is sufficiently compressed 
D) regelation ice deforms when it is subjected to pressure 
E) ice plucking ice deforms when it is sufficiently compressed 
A) ablation ice melts when it is sufficiently compressed 
B) ablation ice deforms when it is subjected to pressure 
C) regelation ice melts when it is sufficiently compressed 
D) regelation ice deforms when it is subjected to pressure 
E) ice plucking ice deforms when it is sufficiently compressed

Question 4

It is now virtually certain that the dominant cause of recent ice ages is

Accepted Answer

A) the blocking of sunlight by volcanic eruptions. 
B) variations in Earth-Sun orbital relationships. 
C) changes in radiation output from the Sun. 
D) the blocking of sunlight by galactic dust. 
E) changing ocean salinity and rates of evaporation. 
A) the blocking of sunlight by volcanic eruptions. 
B) variations in Earth-Sun orbital relationships. 
C) changes in radiation output from the Sun. 
D) the blocking of sunlight by galactic dust. 
E) changing ocean salinity and rates of evaporation.

Question 5

A paternoster lake is a singular lake filling a small cirque basin behind risers of rock material.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The zone where positive gains end and losses begin in the glacial mass balance is called

Accepted Answer

A) an equilibrium line. 
B) medial moraine. 
C) firn line. 
D) the ice field line. 
E) the surge line. 
A) an equilibrium line. 
B) medial moraine. 
C) firn line. 
D) the ice field line. 
E) the surge line.

Question 7

A valley glacier is a form of alpine glacier.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Permafrost is defined solely on the basis of temperature-not on the amount of water present in the ground.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Firn has a higher density than glacial ice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is true of glacial movement?

Accepted Answer

A) the rate of surface motion is usually identical to the basal slip rate. 
B) the internal flow just below the surface is greater than the basal flow. 
C) all glaciers move just a few centimeters per year. 
D) the basal ice layer does not move downslope. 
E) greatest erosion occurs at the ice surface. 
A) the rate of surface motion is usually identical to the basal slip rate. 
B) the internal flow just below the surface is greater than the basal flow. 
C) all glaciers move just a few centimeters per year. 
D) the basal ice layer does not move downslope. 
E) greatest erosion occurs at the ice surface.

Question 11

The age-in years-of an ice wedge can be determined by

Accepted Answer

A) measuring its length. 
B) measuring its width. 
C) counting its foliations. 
D) measuring its volume. 
E) measuring its depth. 
A) measuring its length. 
B) measuring its width. 
C) counting its foliations. 
D) measuring its volume. 
E) measuring its depth.

Question 12

In an area of permafrost,subsurface water that is frozen is specifically called

Accepted Answer

A) the active layer. 
B) a talik. 
C) ground ice. 
D) periglacial water. 
E) glacier. 
A) the active layer. 
B) a talik. 
C) ground ice. 
D) periglacial water. 
E) glacier.

Question 13

The rock material that is trapped within a glacier that is not moving

Accepted Answer

A) does not move because the glacier does not move. 
B) moves by the process of regelation. 
C) moves as a result of the deformation of ice. 
D) moves by the process of basal sliding. 
E) moves by alternating compression and tension. 
A) does not move because the glacier does not move. 
B) moves by the process of regelation. 
C) moves as a result of the deformation of ice. 
D) moves by the process of basal sliding. 
E) moves by alternating compression and tension.

Question 14

Which of the following is relative to the Pleistocene ice age epoch?

Accepted Answer

A) it began 1.65 billion years ago. 
B) it produced ice sheets and glaciers that covered 30 percent of Earth's land area. 
C) at least 28 expansions of ice occurred over Europe and North America. 
D) it represents a single continuous cold spell. 
E) air and sea surface temperatures were at least 20 C° colder than today. 
A) it began 1.65 billion years ago. 
B) it produced ice sheets and glaciers that covered 30 percent of Earth's land area. 
C) at least 28 expansions of ice occurred over Europe and North America. 
D) it represents a single continuous cold spell. 
E) air and sea surface temperatures were at least 20 C° colder than today.

Question 15

The cumulative effect of solifluction is to increase the relief and ruggedness of the landscape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Write an essay in which you discuss the formation and appearance of erosional and depositional landforms created by alpine glaciers.

Accepted Answer

Alpine glaciers are powerful agents of e

Question 17

Which of the following does the text state regarding recent glacials and interglacials?

Accepted Answer

A) the traditional four major glacials and three interglacials are still valid and used. 
B) evidence of past glacials have not been obliterated by subsequent glacials. 
C) modern methods have established two recent glacials: Illinoisan and Wisconsinian. 
D) the term ice age is no longer applicable to the Pleistocene,or any part of it. 
E) the Pleistocene is thought to have begun about 100 000 years ago. 
A) the traditional four major glacials and three interglacials are still valid and used. 
B) evidence of past glacials have not been obliterated by subsequent glacials. 
C) modern methods have established two recent glacials: Illinoisan and Wisconsinian. 
D) the term ice age is no longer applicable to the Pleistocene,or any part of it. 
E) the Pleistocene is thought to have begun about 100 000 years ago.

Question 18

Describe the formation and characteristics of the different types of moraines.

Accepted Answer

Moraines are landforms made up of glacia

Question 19

Horns and cirques are typical features in

Accepted Answer

A) a till plain deposited by continental glaciers. 
B) a mountain range that was sculpted by alpine glaciers. 
C) unsorted glacial deposits left by continental glaciers. 
D) loess deposits that have been heavily sculpted by wind action. 
E) subtropical desert landscapes. 
A) a till plain deposited by continental glaciers. 
B) a mountain range that was sculpted by alpine glaciers. 
C) unsorted glacial deposits left by continental glaciers. 
D) loess deposits that have been heavily sculpted by wind action. 
E) subtropical desert landscapes.

Question 20

18 000 years ago,average sea-surface temperatures were

Accepted Answer

A) 15 C° lower than they are today. 
B) between 1.4 C° and 1.7 C° lower. 
C) similar to today's temperatures. 
D) warmer than today's air temperatures. 
E) 20 C° warmer than today. 
A) 15 C° lower than they are today. 
B) between 1.4 C° and 1.7 C° lower. 
C) similar to today's temperatures. 
D) warmer than today's air temperatures. 
E) 20 C° warmer than today.

Exam 17: Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

Thermokarst refers to landscapes developed by the dissolution of limestone rock by glacial meltwater.

Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ________ ice density and ________ the sphericity (roundness)of the original snowflakes.

Small bedrock protrusions at the base of a glacier are often overrun by a process known as ________,which occurs because ________.

It is now virtually certain that the dominant cause of recent ice ages is

A paternoster lake is a singular lake filling a small cirque basin behind risers of rock material.

The zone where positive gains end and losses begin in the glacial mass balance is called

A valley glacier is a form of alpine glacier.

Permafrost is defined solely on the basis of temperature-not on the amount of water present in the ground.

Firn has a higher density than glacial ice.

Which of the following is true of glacial movement?

The age-in years-of an ice wedge can be determined by

In an area of permafrost,subsurface water that is frozen is specifically called

The rock material that is trapped within a glacier that is not moving

Which of the following is relative to the Pleistocene ice age epoch?

The cumulative effect of solifluction is to increase the relief and ruggedness of the landscape.

Write an essay in which you discuss the formation and appearance of erosional and depositional landforms created by alpine glaciers.

Which of the following does the text state regarding recent glacials and interglacials?

Describe the formation and characteristics of the different types of moraines.

Horns and cirques are typical features in

18 000 years ago,average sea-surface temperatures were

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Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ice density and the sphericity (roundness)of the original snowflakes.

Small bedrock protrusions at the base of a glacier are often overrun by a process known as ,which occurs because .