Question 1

Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic ________-shape,a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic ________-shape.

Accepted Answer

A) U V 
B) V U 
C) flat rounded 
D) steep shallow 
E) wide deep 
A) U V 
B) V U 
C) flat rounded 
D) steep shallow 
E) wide deep

Question 2

Worldwide,alpine glaciers are presently increasing in size and number.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the snowline?

Accepted Answer

A) it increases in elevation with increasing latitude. 
B) it decreases in elevation with increasing latitude. 
C) it occurs at approximately the same elevation at all latitudes because the environmental lapse rate is approximately the same at all latitudes. 
D) it is moving lower with climate change. 
E) it is not affected by climate change. 
A) it increases in elevation with increasing latitude. 
B) it decreases in elevation with increasing latitude. 
C) it occurs at approximately the same elevation at all latitudes because the environmental lapse rate is approximately the same at all latitudes. 
D) it is moving lower with climate change. 
E) it is not affected by climate change.

Question 4

Which of these statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) periglacial regions occupy about 40 percent of Earth's land area. 
B) subarctic and tundra climates ,with seasonally snow-free ground,are periglacial regions. 
C) permanently frozen subsurface ground is called frostiground. 
D) periglacial regions feature hot springs. 
E) periglacial regions are always at latitudes higher than 66 degrees. 
A) periglacial regions occupy about 40 percent of Earth's land area. 
B) subarctic and tundra climates ,with seasonally snow-free ground,are periglacial regions. 
C) permanently frozen subsurface ground is called frostiground. 
D) periglacial regions feature hot springs. 
E) periglacial regions are always at latitudes higher than 66 degrees.

Question 5

Roches moutonn   es form as a result of.

Accepted Answer

A) abrasion on both the stoss (upstream)and lee (downstream)side of a rocky outcrop. 
B) ice plucking on both the stoss and lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
C) abrasion on the stoss side and ice plucking on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
D) ice plucking on the stoss side and abrasion on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
E) glacial deformation of the bed. 
A) abrasion on both the stoss (upstream)and lee (downstream)side of a rocky outcrop. 
B) ice plucking on both the stoss and lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
C) abrasion on the stoss side and ice plucking on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
D) ice plucking on the stoss side and abrasion on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
E) glacial deformation of the bed.

Question 6

The opposite of the accumulation zone in a glacier is the

Accepted Answer

A) abrasion zone. 
B) equilibrium line. 
C) ablation zone. 
D) snow and firn area. 
E) surge line. 
A) abrasion zone. 
B) equilibrium line. 
C) ablation zone. 
D) snow and firn area. 
E) surge line.

Question 7

Meltponds on ice-shelf and tidewater glacier surfaces

Accepted Answer

A) represent a positive feedback mechanism caused by increasing temperatures from both the air above and the sea below. 
B) have always existed and do not indicate any kind of change in Earth's temperatures. 
C) cause catastrophic flooding when the ice that holds them bursts. 
D) cannot be linked in any way with global climate change. 
E) represent a negative feedback mechanism that might be useful for slowing global temperature increases. 
A) represent a positive feedback mechanism caused by increasing temperatures from both the air above and the sea below. 
B) have always existed and do not indicate any kind of change in Earth's temperatures. 
C) cause catastrophic flooding when the ice that holds them bursts. 
D) cannot be linked in any way with global climate change. 
E) represent a negative feedback mechanism that might be useful for slowing global temperature increases.

Question 8

The bulk of ice on Earth is in

Accepted Answer

A) North America,specifically Alaska. 
B) European and Asian mountain ranges. 
C) Greenland and Antarctica. 
D) floating ice shelves and packs. 
E) the islands of the Arctic archipelago. 
A) North America,specifically Alaska. 
B) European and Asian mountain ranges. 
C) Greenland and Antarctica. 
D) floating ice shelves and packs. 
E) the islands of the Arctic archipelago.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of compound valley glaciers?

Accepted Answer

A) they are formed by the merging of ice caps. 
B) they contain medial moraines. 
C) they can flow over topographic divides,such as mountains. 
D) they are one type of continental glacier. 
E) they develop only in the southern hemisphere. 
A) they are formed by the merging of ice caps. 
B) they contain medial moraines. 
C) they can flow over topographic divides,such as mountains. 
D) they are one type of continental glacier. 
E) they develop only in the southern hemisphere.

Question 10

The Great Lakes of North America were created by

Accepted Answer

A) continental glaciers that carved deep into pre-existing river valleys,creating troughs,which filled with water. 
B) continental glaciers,which deposited ice in till plains. 
C) cirque glaciers. 
D) isostatic subsidence of the crust. 
E) millions of cycles of freezing and thawing that broke down the rock that was carried away by flowing water. 
A) continental glaciers that carved deep into pre-existing river valleys,creating troughs,which filled with water. 
B) continental glaciers,which deposited ice in till plains. 
C) cirque glaciers. 
D) isostatic subsidence of the crust. 
E) millions of cycles of freezing and thawing that broke down the rock that was carried away by flowing water.

Question 11

Erratics are

Accepted Answer

A) strangely shaped,erratically spaced drumlins. 
B) erratically spaced moraine deposits. 
C) rocks that are not native to an area. 
D) unusually shaped rocks. 
E) winding glacial rivers. 
A) strangely shaped,erratically spaced drumlins. 
B) erratically spaced moraine deposits. 
C) rocks that are not native to an area. 
D) unusually shaped rocks. 
E) winding glacial rivers.

Question 12

Solifluction requires

Accepted Answer

A) an active layer,flat surfaces,and water. 
B) soil saturation,an active layer,and sloping surfaces. 
C) sloping surfaces,an active layer and gravel. 
D) flat surfaces,water,and freezing temperatures. 
E) freezing temperatures,a saturated layer,and sand. 
A) an active layer,flat surfaces,and water. 
B) soil saturation,an active layer,and sloping surfaces. 
C) sloping surfaces,an active layer and gravel. 
D) flat surfaces,water,and freezing temperatures. 
E) freezing temperatures,a saturated layer,and sand.

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 percent 
B) 30 percent 
C) 50 percent 
D) 77 percent 
E) 93 percent 
A) 10 percent 
B) 30 percent 
C) 50 percent 
D) 77 percent 
E) 93 percent

Question 14

During the coldest portion of the Pleistocene Ice Age,temperatures were as much as ________ below the current average.

Accepted Answer

A) 1°C 
B) 3°C 
C) 6°C 
D) 12°C 
E) 25°C 
A) 1°C 
B) 3°C 
C) 6°C 
D) 12°C 
E) 25°C

Question 15

A characteristic area of low,rolling relief,deranged drainage patterns,and unsorted materials is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) valley train. 
B) lateral moraine. 
C) medial moraine. 
D) till plain. 
E) outwash plain. 
A) valley train. 
B) lateral moraine. 
C) medial moraine. 
D) till plain. 
E) outwash plain.

Question 16

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Antarctica contains more than 29 million cubic kilometers of ice. 
B) 71% of Earth's fresh water is frozen. 
C) 1)1% of Earth's land is covered by glaciers. 
D) 75% of European Alpine glaciers have receded in the last 50 years. 
E) globally,snowlines are lower in elevation than at any other time in recorded history 
A) Antarctica contains more than 29 million cubic kilometers of ice. 
B) 71% of Earth's fresh water is frozen. 
C) 1)1% of Earth's land is covered by glaciers. 
D) 75% of European Alpine glaciers have receded in the last 50 years. 
E) globally,snowlines are lower in elevation than at any other time in recorded history

Question 17

Higher than normal temperatures in Canada in the late 1990s led to increased thermokarst disruption there.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Discuss the processes that lead to the formation of kettles,tarns,paternoster lakes,and fjords.

Accepted Answer

Kettles, tarns, paternoster lakes, and f

Question 19

Relative to glacial mass balance,which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) a positive net balance occurs during a cold period,and a negative net balance occurs during a warm period. 
B) glacial mass is increased by evaporation,sublimation,and deflation. 
C) glacial mass is increased by a combination of processes called ablation. 
D) worldwide,most glaciers are showing marked net increase in mass at present. 
E) where the balance is zero,the ice advances. 
A) a positive net balance occurs during a cold period,and a negative net balance occurs during a warm period. 
B) glacial mass is increased by evaporation,sublimation,and deflation. 
C) glacial mass is increased by a combination of processes called ablation. 
D) worldwide,most glaciers are showing marked net increase in mass at present. 
E) where the balance is zero,the ice advances.

Question 20

Surprisingly,there are no ice caps in Iceland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic ________-shape,a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic ________-shape.

Worldwide,alpine glaciers are presently increasing in size and number.

Which of the following is true of the snowline?

Which of these statements is correct?

Roches moutonn es form as a result of.

The opposite of the accumulation zone in a glacier is the

Meltponds on ice-shelf and tidewater glacier surfaces

The bulk of ice on Earth is in

Which of the following is true of compound valley glaciers?

The Great Lakes of North America were created by

Erratics are

Solifluction requires

Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?

During the coldest portion of the Pleistocene Ice Age,temperatures were as much as ________ below the current average.

A characteristic area of low,rolling relief,deranged drainage patterns,and unsorted materials is a(n)

Which of the following is true?

Higher than normal temperatures in Canada in the late 1990s led to increased thermokarst disruption there.

Discuss the processes that lead to the formation of kettles,tarns,paternoster lakes,and fjords.

Relative to glacial mass balance,which of the following is correct?

Surprisingly,there are no ice caps in Iceland.

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Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic -shape,a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic -shape.