Question 1

What do you call any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable?

Accepted Answer

A) a null variable 
B) a dependent variable 
C) a correlate 
D) a confound 
A) a null variable 
B) a dependent variable 
C) a correlate 
D) a confound

Question 2

Define the term "hypothesis" and create two different testable hypotheses regarding possible causes of depression.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation f

Question 3

Why is it important to use a double-blind procedure in some research studies?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent the participants' expectations from biasing the expectations of the researcher 
B) to prevent the independent variable from influencing the dependent variable 
C) to prevent the researcher's expectations from biasing the outcome 
D) to prevent the confusion of correlation with causation 
A) to prevent the participants' expectations from biasing the expectations of the researcher 
B) to prevent the independent variable from influencing the dependent variable 
C) to prevent the researcher's expectations from biasing the outcome 
D) to prevent the confusion of correlation with causation

Question 4

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

A) The research question may be confounded with cohort effects. 
B) The research question may become less valid as people age. 
C) The research question may become irrelevant by the time the study is complete. 
D) The research question may not be answerable and the time spent will be wasted. 
A) The research question may be confounded with cohort effects. 
B) The research question may become less valid as people age. 
C) The research question may become irrelevant by the time the study is complete. 
D) The research question may not be answerable and the time spent will be wasted.

Question 5

What is the main advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?

Accepted Answer

A) Longitudinal research can assess individual change and allows examination of cohort effects. 
B) Longitudinal research can distinguish between cause and effect and allow examination of cohort effects. 
C) Longitudinal research can assess individual change and avoid cohort effects. 
D) Longitudinal research is easier to use and allows examination of causal influences. 
A) Longitudinal research can assess individual change and allows examination of cohort effects. 
B) Longitudinal research can distinguish between cause and effect and allow examination of cohort effects. 
C) Longitudinal research can assess individual change and avoid cohort effects. 
D) Longitudinal research is easier to use and allows examination of causal influences.

Question 6

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants.Explain the difficulties involved with obtaining informed consent from child participants and how the Society for Research in Child Development has addressed this problem.

Accepted Answer

The four components of informed consent

Question 7

Explain the importance of studying cross-cultural psychopathology.Describe at least two significant obstacles to studying a disorder across different cultures.

Accepted Answer

Studying cross-cultural psychopathology

Question 8

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and the methods of psychoanalysis on the basis of what?

Accepted Answer

A) case studies 
B) correlations 
C) prior research 
D) statistical significance 
A) case studies 
B) correlations 
C) prior research 
D) statistical significance

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an important part of repeated measurements?

Accepted Answer

A) level 
B) process 
C) variability 
D) trend 
A) level 
B) process 
C) variability 
D) trend

Question 10

Two monozygotic twins are raised in very different environments.One is adopted into a loving, healthy environment and the other is raised in a war-ravaged country where food, safety, and family support are hard to find.Compared to the child raised in the war-ravaged country, the child raised in the healthy environment will most likely be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) significantly taller and less likely to have psychological problems 
B) physically weaker, but likely less likely to have psychological problems 
C) quite similar in almost every way 
D) about the same height but less likely to have psychological problems 
A) significantly taller and less likely to have psychological problems 
B) physically weaker, but likely less likely to have psychological problems 
C) quite similar in almost every way 
D) about the same height but less likely to have psychological problems

Question 11

Why do repeated measures improve internal validity in a single-case experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) They provide increased interaction between the researcher and the participant. 
B) They provide a check on the randomization procedure. 
C) They provide a more reliable measure of behaviour both before and after treatment. 
D) They provide more data for statistical significance tests. 
A) They provide increased interaction between the researcher and the participant. 
B) They provide a check on the randomization procedure. 
C) They provide a more reliable measure of behaviour both before and after treatment. 
D) They provide more data for statistical significance tests.

Question 12

Researchers predicted that the parents of children who "act out" at school would see a decrease in that behaviour if they themselves were to take problem-solving skills training.In this example, what were the researchers hypothesizing about parental problem-solving skills and children's acting-out behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A) that they are weakly correlated 
B) that they are positively correlated 
C) that they are strongly correlated 
D) that they are negatively correlated 
A) that they are weakly correlated 
B) that they are positively correlated 
C) that they are strongly correlated 
D) that they are negatively correlated

Question 13

Four-year-old Jane took part in a research study that investigated the effects of junk food on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal, Jane's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Accepted Answer

A) The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study. 
B) Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. 
C) Parental participation must be obtained. 
D) A child's identity must remain confidential. 
A) The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study. 
B) Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. 
C) Parental participation must be obtained. 
D) A child's identity must remain confidential.

Question 14

Dr.Ahmed, an epidemiological researcher, is studying the psychological experiences of the residents of Fort McMurray, Alberta, following the devastating fire that engulfed the town.What research method is Dr.Ahmed most likely using?

Accepted Answer

A) the experiment 
B) the longitudinal study 
C) the correlational model 
D) the case study 
A) the experiment 
B) the longitudinal study 
C) the correlational model 
D) the case study

Question 15

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a map of the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations 
B) a map of some but not all human genes 
C) a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes 
D) a complete listing of each human gene and its function 
A) a map of the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations 
B) a map of some but not all human genes 
C) a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes 
D) a complete listing of each human gene and its function

Question 16

According to the requirements of "informed consent," what are research participants in a blind, placebo-controlled study told?

Accepted Answer

A) that their results may or may not be incorporated into the research evaluation 
B) that they will definitely be receiving the treatment 
C) that they will not receive the treatment until the research study is over 
D) that they may or may not receive treatment 
A) that their results may or may not be incorporated into the research evaluation 
B) that they will definitely be receiving the treatment 
C) that they will not receive the treatment until the research study is over 
D) that they may or may not receive treatment

Question 17

A researcher has found that the more hours students spend socializing, the lower their exam scores tend to be.What do the findings of this study illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) a zero correlation 
B) a causal correlation 
C) a positive correlation 
D) a negative correlation 
A) a zero correlation 
B) a causal correlation 
C) a positive correlation 
D) a negative correlation

Question 18

Which of the following would be the most likely correlation between the number of hours that a student studies for her tests and her exam grades?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately -0.50 
B) approximately 0.00 
C) approximately 0.50 
D) approximately 1.00 
A) approximately -0.50 
B) approximately 0.00 
C) approximately 0.50 
D) approximately 1.00

Question 19

What is the key element in a double-blind control study?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither the treatment provider nor the research participants know whether the treatment will be effective. 
B) Neither the treatment provider nor the research participants can ever be made aware of the research findings. 
C) Neither the treatment provider nor the research participants are aware of who is in the treatment group and who is in the control group. 
D) The research participants are not aware that they are participating in a research study. 
A) Neither the treatment provider nor the research participants know whether the treatment will be effective. 
B) Neither the treatment provider nor the research participants can ever be made aware of the research findings. 
C) Neither the treatment provider nor the research participants are aware of who is in the treatment group and who is in the control group. 
D) The research participants are not aware that they are participating in a research study.

Question 20

Your friend Sally has trouble making commitments in relationships, and you believe that this is because Sally's parents had a bitter divorce when she was young.What is exemplified by your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult?

Accepted Answer

A) an applied theory 
B) an independent variable 
C) a hypothesis 
D) an empirical inference 
A) an applied theory 
B) an independent variable 
C) a hypothesis 
D) an empirical inference

What do you call any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable?

Define the term "hypothesis" and create two different testable hypotheses regarding possible causes of depression.

Why is it important to use a double-blind procedure in some research studies?

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

What is the main advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants.Explain the difficulties involved with obtaining informed consent from child participants and how the Society for Research in Child Development has addressed this problem.

Explain the importance of studying cross-cultural psychopathology.Describe at least two significant obstacles to studying a disorder across different cultures.

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and the methods of psychoanalysis on the basis of what?

Which of the following is NOT an important part of repeated measurements?

Why do repeated measures improve internal validity in a single-case experiment?

Four-year-old Jane took part in a research study that investigated the effects of junk food on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal, Jane's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Dr.Ahmed, an epidemiological researcher, is studying the psychological experiences of the residents of Fort McMurray, Alberta, following the devastating fire that engulfed the town.What research method is Dr.Ahmed most likely using?

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing which of the following?

According to the requirements of "informed consent," what are research participants in a blind, placebo-controlled study told?

A researcher has found that the more hours students spend socializing, the lower their exam scores tend to be.What do the findings of this study illustrate?

Which of the following would be the most likely correlation between the number of hours that a student studies for her tests and her exam grades?

What is the key element in a double-blind control study?

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Anxiety, Trauma, and Stressor-Related and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Legal and Ethical Issues in Mental Health

The Psychology of Health and Illness

Filters

Exam 4: Research Methods

What do you call any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable?

Define the term "hypothesis" and create two different testable hypotheses regarding possible causes of depression.

Why is it important to use a double-blind procedure in some research studies?

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

What is the main advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants.Explain the difficulties involved with obtaining informed consent from child participants and how the Society for Research in Child Development has addressed this problem.

Explain the importance of studying cross-cultural psychopathology.Describe at least two significant obstacles to studying a disorder across different cultures.

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and the methods of psychoanalysis on the basis of what?

Which of the following is NOT an important part of repeated measurements?

Why do repeated measures improve internal validity in a single-case experiment?

Four-year-old Jane took part in a research study that investigated the effects of junk food on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal, Jane's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Dr.Ahmed, an epidemiological researcher, is studying the psychological experiences of the residents of Fort McMurray, Alberta, following the devastating fire that engulfed the town.What research method is Dr.Ahmed most likely using?

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing which of the following?

According to the requirements of "informed consent," what are research participants in a blind, placebo-controlled study told?

A researcher has found that the more hours students spend socializing, the lower their exam scores tend to be.What do the findings of this study illustrate?

Which of the following would be the most likely correlation between the number of hours that a student studies for her tests and her exam grades?

What is the key element in a double-blind control study?

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Anxiety, Trauma, and Stressor-Related and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Legal and Ethical Issues in Mental Health

The Psychology of Health and Illness

Filters