Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding the development of self-awareness in infants is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The emergence of self is indicated by the awareness of the consequences of their own actions on others and the environment around them. 
B)  Infants cannot distinguish their own cries from those of other infants, indicating that self-awareness is tied to developmental milestones. 
C)  Parental evaluations are the initial basis for the development empathy, embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt. 
D)  Research has found that infants' abilities to self-regulate at 15 months predict executive functioning at 4 years of age. 
A)  The emergence of self is indicated by the awareness of the consequences of their own actions on others and the environment around them. 
B)  Infants cannot distinguish their own cries from those of other infants, indicating that self-awareness is tied to developmental milestones. 
C)  Parental evaluations are the initial basis for the development empathy, embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt. 
D)  Research has found that infants' abilities to self-regulate at 15 months predict executive functioning at 4 years of age.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the cultural influences on emotional development?

Accepted Answer

A)  North American infants learn to express positive emotions. 
B)  North American infants learn to restrain strong emotions. 
C)  Parents in all cultures share a common way to communicate cultural expectations about emotions. 
D)  All parents instinctively respond immediately to their babies' cries. 
A)  North American infants learn to express positive emotions. 
B)  North American infants learn to restrain strong emotions. 
C)  Parents in all cultures share a common way to communicate cultural expectations about emotions. 
D)  All parents instinctively respond immediately to their babies' cries.

Question 3

When parents respond promptly to their infants' cries at 2 months of age, the infants will cry for shorter durations as they get older.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Attachment bonds assist in the survival of the infant by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  creating an easy temperament, resulting in a greater chance for survival 
B)  ensuring that the caregiver and infant remain near each other 
C)  establishing a close relationship that boosts the infant's immune system 
D)  fostering a sense of responsibility in the caregiver to protect the infant 
A)  creating an easy temperament, resulting in a greater chance for survival 
B)  ensuring that the caregiver and infant remain near each other 
C)  establishing a close relationship that boosts the infant's immune system 
D)  fostering a sense of responsibility in the caregiver to protect the infant

Question 5

Luna is 6 weeks old. She smiles when awake and is considered to be a happy baby. When relatives and friends visit, most comment that they are happy she doesn't cry when they hold her. Which of Bowlby's phases of attachment is Luna likely in?

Accepted Answer

A)  phase 1: pre-attachment 
B)  phase 2: early attachment 
C)  phase 3: attachment 
D)  phase 4: reciprocal relationship 
A)  phase 1: pre-attachment 
B)  phase 2: early attachment 
C)  phase 3: attachment 
D)  phase 4: reciprocal relationship

Question 6

According to Erikson, how are infants affected if their caregivers are responsive to their needs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants will develop a sense of guilt and inferiority. 
B)  Infants will develop a sense of initiative and willfulness. 
C)  Infants will develop a view of their caregivers as trustworthy, but not the world in general. 
D)  Infants will develop a view that the world is a safe place where their basic needs will be met. 
A)  Infants will develop a sense of guilt and inferiority. 
B)  Infants will develop a sense of initiative and willfulness. 
C)  Infants will develop a view of their caregivers as trustworthy, but not the world in general. 
D)  Infants will develop a view that the world is a safe place where their basic needs will be met.

Question 7

In order for a child to engage in self-control, he or she must be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  be aware of the consequences of his or her actions 
B)  be able to attend to a caregiver's instructions 
C)  be able to shift his or her attention from an attractive stimulus or task 
D)  be able to inhibit a behavior 
A)  be aware of the consequences of his or her actions 
B)  be able to attend to a caregiver's instructions 
C)  be able to shift his or her attention from an attractive stimulus or task 
D)  be able to inhibit a behavior

Question 8

The theorist who developed attachment theory is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ainsworth 
B)  Bowlby 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Vygotsky 
A)  Ainsworth 
B)  Bowlby 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Vygotsky

Question 9

What percentage of babies in the original New York Longitudinal Study sample did NOT fit well into any of the three temperament categories but displayed a mix of characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  50% 
D)  35% 
A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  50% 
D)  35%

Question 10

Behaviors that reflect sensitive caregiving vary with culture because they are adaptations to different circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an emotion that newborns experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  disgust 
B)  distress 
C)  joy 
D)  interest 
A)  disgust 
B)  distress 
C)  joy 
D)  interest

Question 12

Which culture is more likely to raise babies into autonomous beings and tend to be more active and stimulating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japanese 
B)  North American 
C)  Israeli 
D)  South African 
A)  Japanese 
B)  North American 
C)  Israeli 
D)  South African

Question 13

Matthew is an infant who is able to self-soothe when upset and often restricts his impulses. What would Mary Rothbart most likely predict about Matthew's long-term adjustment?

Accepted Answer

A)  indifference to new situations 
B)  increased reliance on social referencing 
C)  tendency towards negative emotions 
D)  high academic achievement 
A)  indifference to new situations 
B)  increased reliance on social referencing 
C)  tendency towards negative emotions 
D)  high academic achievement

Question 14

Which attachment classification is more common in Western European countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  insecure-resistant 
B)  insecure-avoidant 
C)  secure 
D)  disorganized-disoriented 
A)  insecure-resistant 
B)  insecure-avoidant 
C)  secure 
D)  disorganized-disoriented

Question 15

Annabelle looks in the mirror, sees that the reflection in the mirror has a mark on her nose, and touches her own nose. What can we conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annabelle has a categorical self. 
B)  Annabelle does not have self-recognition yet. 
C)  Annabelle understands that she is a girl. 
D)  Annabelle has self-recognition. 
A)  Annabelle has a categorical self. 
B)  Annabelle does not have self-recognition yet. 
C)  Annabelle understands that she is a girl. 
D)  Annabelle has self-recognition.

Which of the following statements regarding the development of self-awareness in infants is accurate?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the cultural influences on emotional development?

When parents respond promptly to their infants' cries at 2 months of age, the infants will cry for shorter durations as they get older.

Attachment bonds assist in the survival of the infant by ______.

Luna is 6 weeks old. She smiles when awake and is considered to be a happy baby. When relatives and friends visit, most comment that they are happy she doesn't cry when they hold her. Which of Bowlby's phases of attachment is Luna likely in?

According to Erikson, how are infants affected if their caregivers are responsive to their needs?

In order for a child to engage in self-control, he or she must be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

The theorist who developed attachment theory is ______.

What percentage of babies in the original New York Longitudinal Study sample did NOT fit well into any of the three temperament categories but displayed a mix of characteristics?

Behaviors that reflect sensitive caregiving vary with culture because they are adaptations to different circumstances.

Which of the following is NOT an emotion that newborns experience?

Which culture is more likely to raise babies into autonomous beings and tend to be more active and stimulating?

Matthew is an infant who is able to self-soothe when upset and often restricts his impulses. What would Mary Rothbart most likely predict about Matthew's long-term adjustment?

Which attachment classification is more common in Western European countries?

Annabelle looks in the mirror, sees that the reflection in the mirror has a mark on her nose, and touches her own nose. What can we conclude?

Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories

Biological and Environmental Foundations

The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood and the End of Life

Death and Dying

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Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Which of the following statements regarding the development of self-awareness in infants is accurate?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the cultural influences on emotional development?

When parents respond promptly to their infants' cries at 2 months of age, the infants will cry for shorter durations as they get older.

Attachment bonds assist in the survival of the infant by ______.

Luna is 6 weeks old. She smiles when awake and is considered to be a happy baby. When relatives and friends visit, most comment that they are happy she doesn't cry when they hold her. Which of Bowlby's phases of attachment is Luna likely in?

According to Erikson, how are infants affected if their caregivers are responsive to their needs?

In order for a child to engage in self-control, he or she must be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

The theorist who developed attachment theory is ______.

What percentage of babies in the original New York Longitudinal Study sample did NOT fit well into any of the three temperament categories but displayed a mix of characteristics?

Behaviors that reflect sensitive caregiving vary with culture because they are adaptations to different circumstances.

Which of the following is NOT an emotion that newborns experience?

Which culture is more likely to raise babies into autonomous beings and tend to be more active and stimulating?

Matthew is an infant who is able to self-soothe when upset and often restricts his impulses. What would Mary Rothbart most likely predict about Matthew's long-term adjustment?

Which attachment classification is more common in Western European countries?

Annabelle looks in the mirror, sees that the reflection in the mirror has a mark on her nose, and touches her own nose. What can we conclude?

Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories

Biological and Environmental Foundations

The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood and the End of Life

Death and Dying

Filters