Question 1

Quarks: Which of the following particles is NOT made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  π-meson 
E)  neutrino 
A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  π-meson 
E)  neutrino

Question 2

Quarks: Which of the following particles are made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleons 
B)  hadrons 
C)  neutrinos 
D)  muons 
E)  mesons 
A)  nucleons 
B)  hadrons 
C)  neutrinos 
D)  muons 
E)  mesons

Question 3

Hubble's law: A galaxy is observed receding from Earth with a speed of 2800 km/s. If the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years, estimate how many years ago the light that we presently see from the galaxy actually left the galaxy. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.3 × 108 y 
B)  4.2 × 108 y 
C)  4.2 × 107 y 
D)  1.4 × 107 y 
E)  4.2 × 106 y 
A)  1.3 × 108 y 
B)  4.2 × 108 y 
C)  4.2 × 107 y 
D)  1.4 × 107 y 
E)  4.2 × 106 y

Question 4

Stars: Earth's orbit around the sun has a mean radius of 1.5 × 108 km. Over a six-month period, the apparent position of a particular star varies by 0.00014° due to parallax. How distant is the star, in ly? (1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m)

Accepted Answer

A)  0.13 ly 
B)  1.3 ly 
C)  13 ly 
D)  130 ly 
E)  1300 ly 
A)  0.13 ly 
B)  1.3 ly 
C)  13 ly 
D)  130 ly 
E)  1300 ly

Question 5

Cosmology: If the density of the universe is less than the critical density, then the total energy of the universe is

Accepted Answer

A)  positive. 
B)  negative. 
C)  zero. 
A)  positive. 
B)  negative. 
C)  zero.

Question 6

Conservation laws: Consider the possibility that a neutron could decay into a proton and a pion. What, if any, of the following conservation laws would this process violate?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation of energy 
B)  conservation of lepton number 
C)  conservation of charge 
D)  conservation of baryon number 
E)  None of the above laws would be violated. 
A)  conservation of energy 
B)  conservation of lepton number 
C)  conservation of charge 
D)  conservation of baryon number 
E)  None of the above laws would be violated.

Question 7

Conservation laws: The reaction p + → e+ + γ is not possible because

Accepted Answer

A)  baryon number is not conserved. 
B)  lepton number is not conserved. 
C)  charge is not conserved. 
D)  energy is not conserved. 
E)  This reaction IS possible. 
A)  baryon number is not conserved. 
B)  lepton number is not conserved. 
C)  charge is not conserved. 
D)  energy is not conserved. 
E)  This reaction IS possible.

Question 8

Hubble's law: If a galaxy is moving away from us at 1.0% of the speed of light, use Hubble's law to estimate how far away it is from us if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  14 ly 
B)  140 ly 
C)  140 thousand ly 
D)  140 million ly 
E)  140 billion ly 
A)  14 ly 
B)  140 ly 
C)  140 thousand ly 
D)  140 million ly 
E)  140 billion ly

Question 9

Hubble's law: The Hα spectral line of hydrogen has a wavelength of 656.3 nm as measured in the laboratory. The Hα spectral line is observed in light from a distant star at a redshifted wavelength of 789.0 nm. If Hubble's law is valid for this star, estimate how far is it from Earth if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 × 109 ly 
B)  9.1 × 108 ly 
C)  2.7 × 108 ly 
D)  9.1 × 107 ly 
E)  2.7 × 107 ly 
A)  2.5 × 109 ly 
B)  9.1 × 108 ly 
C)  2.7 × 108 ly 
D)  9.1 × 107 ly 
E)  2.7 × 107 ly

Question 10

Conservation laws: Consider the decay πo → μ- + e+. This decay is

Accepted Answer

A)  allowed. 
B)  forbidden because conservation of energy is violated. 
C)  forbidden because conservation of baryon number is violated. 
D)  forbidden because conservation of mass is violated. 
E)  forbidden because conservation of lepton numbers is violated. 
A)  allowed. 
B)  forbidden because conservation of energy is violated. 
C)  forbidden because conservation of baryon number is violated. 
D)  forbidden because conservation of mass is violated. 
E)  forbidden because conservation of lepton numbers is violated.

Question 11

Particles: How many different kinds of leptons are known to exist, including antiparticles as different kinds?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  2 
E)  12 
A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  2 
E)  12

Question 12

Conservation laws: Consider the decay π+→ μ+ + γ. This decay is

Accepted Answer

A)  allowed. 
B)  forbidden because conservation of energy is violated. 
C)  forbidden because conservation of baryon number is violated. 
D)  forbidden because conservation of mass is violated. 
E)  forbidden because conservation of lepton numbers is violated. 
A)  allowed. 
B)  forbidden because conservation of energy is violated. 
C)  forbidden because conservation of baryon number is violated. 
D)  forbidden because conservation of mass is violated. 
E)  forbidden because conservation of lepton numbers is violated.

Question 13

Quarks: Composite particles that are composed of three quarks are called

Accepted Answer

A)  leptons. 
B)  hadrons. 
C)  mesons. 
D)  bosons. 
E)  baryons. 
A)  leptons. 
B)  hadrons. 
C)  mesons. 
D)  bosons. 
E)  baryons.

Question 14

Quarks: What is the quark composition of the proton?

Accepted Answer

A)  u   d 
B)  uud 
C)  udd 
D)  u   
E)  u   d 
A)  u   d 
B)  uud 
C)  udd 
D)  u   
E)  u   d

Question 15

Cosmology: The background microwave radiation, discovered in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson, has its peak intensity at a wavelength of 1.06 mm. What blackbody temperature does this wavelength imply for the universe? (σ = 5.670 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4, Wien displacement law constant is 2.90 × 10-3 m ∙ K)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.7°C 
B)  -270°C 
C)  0.0027 K 
D)  0.00°C 
E)  -2.7°C 
A)  2.7°C 
B)  -270°C 
C)  0.0027 K 
D)  0.00°C 
E)  -2.7°C

Question 16

Conservation laws: Which one of the following processes CANNOT occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  π+ → μ+ + vμ 
B)  π0 → 2γ 
C)  π+ + p → K+ + Σ+ 
D)  π- + p → n + γ 
E)  Σ- → π- + p 
A)  π+ → μ+ + vμ 
B)  π0 → 2γ 
C)  π+ + p → K+ + Σ+ 
D)  π- + p → n + γ 
E)  Σ- → π- + p

Question 17

Particle accelerators: The voltage across the dees of a cyclotron is 30,000 V. How many revolutions do the protons go through in reaching a kinetic energy of 21 MeV? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.0 million 
B)  1400 
C)  700 
D)  350 
E)  35 
A)  2.0 million 
B)  1400 
C)  700 
D)  350 
E)  35

Question 18

Quarks: Consider the negative pion, π-.
(a) What combination of up and down quarks makes up this particle?
(b) Is the π- a baryon or a meson?
(c) Is the π- a lepton or a hadron?

Accepted Answer

(a) @#IMG-DLM& d 
(b

Question 19

Cosmology: Dark energy was discovered as astronomers studied

Accepted Answer

A)  black holes. 
B)  redshift of distant galaxies. 
C)  the motion of galaxies within galactic clusters. 
D)  weakly interacting massive particles. 
A)  black holes. 
B)  redshift of distant galaxies. 
C)  the motion of galaxies within galactic clusters. 
D)  weakly interacting massive particles.

Exam 35: Interference

Quarks: Which of the following particles is NOT made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Quarks: Which of the following particles are made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Stars: Earth's orbit around the sun has a mean radius of 1.5 × 108 km. Over a six-month period, the apparent position of a particular star varies by 0.00014° due to parallax. How distant is the star, in ly? (1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m)

Cosmology: If the density of the universe is less than the critical density, then the total energy of the universe is

Conservation laws: Consider the possibility that a neutron could decay into a proton and a pion. What, if any, of the following conservation laws would this process violate?

Conservation laws: The reaction p + → e+ + γ is not possible because

Hubble's law: If a galaxy is moving away from us at 1.0% of the speed of light, use Hubble's law to estimate how far away it is from us if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Conservation laws: Consider the decay πo → μ- + e+. This decay is

Particles: How many different kinds of leptons are known to exist, including antiparticles as different kinds?

Conservation laws: Consider the decay π+→ μ+ + γ. This decay is

Quarks: Composite particles that are composed of three quarks are called

Quarks: What is the quark composition of the proton?

Conservation laws: Which one of the following processes CANNOT occur?

Particle accelerators: The voltage across the dees of a cyclotron is 30,000 V. How many revolutions do the protons go through in reaching a kinetic energy of 21 MeV? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Quarks: Consider the negative pion, π-. (a) What combination of up and down quarks makes up this particle? (b) Is the π- a baryon or a meson? (c) Is the π- a lepton or a hadron?

Cosmology: Dark energy was discovered as astronomers studied

Motion Along a Straight Line

Motion in Two or Three Dimensions

Newtons Laws of Motion

Applying Newtons Laws

Work and Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy and Energy Conservation

Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions

Rotation of Rigid Bodies

Dynamics of Rotational Motion

Equilibrium and Elasticity

Fluid Mechanics

Gravitation

Periodic Motion

Mechanical Waves

Sound and Hearing

Temperature and Heat

Thermal Properties of Matter

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Electric Charge and Electric Field

Gausss Law

Electric Potential

Capacitance and Dielectrics

Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force

Direct-Current Circuits

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces

Sources of Magnetic Field

Electromagnetic Induction

Inductance

Alternating Current

Electromagnetic Waves Optics

The Nature and Propagation of Light

Geometric Optics

Filters

Stars: Earth's orbit around the sun has a mean radius of 1.5 × 10⁸ km. Over a six-month period, the apparent position of a particular star varies by 0.00014° due to parallax. How distant is the star, in ly? (1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m)

Conservation laws: The reaction p + → e⁺ + γ is not possible because

Hubble's law: If a galaxy is moving away from us at 1.0% of the speed of light, use Hubble's law to estimate how far away it is from us if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m, 1 y = 3.156 × 10⁷ s)

Conservation laws: Consider the decay π^o → μ^- + e⁺. This decay is

Conservation laws: Consider the decay π⁺→ μ⁺ + γ. This decay is

Particle accelerators: The voltage across the dees of a cyclotron is 30,000 V. How many revolutions do the protons go through in reaching a kinetic energy of 21 MeV? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C, m_proton = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg)