Question 1

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​cardiovascular disease

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol" 
A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol"

Question 2

Which food is an example of a refined grain product?

Accepted Answer

A) oatmeal 
B) pizza dough 
C) brown rice 
D) wild rice 
E) whole grain bread 
A) oatmeal 
B) pizza dough 
C) brown rice 
D) wild rice 
E) whole grain bread

Question 3

LDL cholesterol _____.

Accepted Answer

A) is composed primarily of protein 
B) is composed primarily of triglycerides 
C) transports cholesterol in the blood 
D) transports cholesterol in the blood to the liver for breakdown 
E) is sometimes referred to as "healthy cholesterol" 
A) is composed primarily of protein 
B) is composed primarily of triglycerides 
C) transports cholesterol in the blood 
D) transports cholesterol in the blood to the liver for breakdown 
E) is sometimes referred to as "healthy cholesterol"

Question 4

All LDL particles transport the same amount of cholesterol regardless of size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Low _____ intake reduces the risk of hypertension in many people.

Accepted Answer

A) iron 
B) magnesium 
C) potassium 
D) calcium 
E) sodium 
A) iron 
B) magnesium 
C) potassium 
D) calcium 
E) sodium

Question 6

It is beginning to look like the rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes that have occurred in the United States over the past few decades were,to some extent,related to the popularity of low-fat diets.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​non-HDL cholesterol

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol" 
A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol"

Question 8

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​HDL cholesterol

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol" 
A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol"

Question 9

A heart attack is triggered _____.

Accepted Answer

A) when an artery leading to the heart becomes clogged by a piece of plaque released by a ruptured portion of the artery wall or by a blood clot 
B) when an artery leading to the brain becomes clogged by a piece of plaque released by a ruptured portion of the artery wall or by a blood clot 
C) by a rapid and sudden increase in heart rate 
D) by a drop in blood pressure 
E) by an increase in blood pressure 
A) when an artery leading to the heart becomes clogged by a piece of plaque released by a ruptured portion of the artery wall or by a blood clot 
B) when an artery leading to the brain becomes clogged by a piece of plaque released by a ruptured portion of the artery wall or by a blood clot 
C) by a rapid and sudden increase in heart rate 
D) by a drop in blood pressure 
E) by an increase in blood pressure

Question 10

Statins are indicated for people with LDL cholesterol levels of 220 mg/dL or higher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Malnutrition during _____ can change the long-term functional status of certain genes in ways that increase the risk of heart disease later in life.

Accepted Answer

A) pregnancy 
B) infancy 
C) childhood 
D) adolescents 
E) young adulthood 
A) pregnancy 
B) infancy 
C) childhood 
D) adolescents 
E) young adulthood

Question 12

High levels of HDL cholesterol are related to an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis in many people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Studies have found that saturated fat intake is related to the development of heart disease in most humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The symptoms associated with heart disease vary somewhat between the sexes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Mike is a 45-year-old male who is concerned about his cardiovascular health.His mother and grandfather both have had heart attacks.His diet consists of a high-sugar granola breakfast cereal with whole milk; ham and American cheese on white bread for lunch; pretzels for snacks; and pepperoni pizza,steak,or cheeseburgers for most dinner meals.He also enjoys drinking beer several times a week,typically consuming five to six beers each time.​
Mike does not exercise regularly but enjoys playing golf,swimming,and weight lifting.His job is moderately active and involves long periods of standing,which worsens his chronic back pain.Recently Mike has been considering making some dietary and lifestyle modifications to improve his cardiovascular health and reduce his cholesterol.Answer the following questions to help Mike make healthy changes and improve his diet and lifestyle.
-Which breakfast would be a good replacement for Mike's current breakfast?

Accepted Answer

A) sausage,egg,and cheese breakfast sandwich 
B) two scrambled eggs and white toast with butter 
C) oatmeal topped with raisins,walnuts,and ground flaxseed 
D) fruit-flavored cereal and skim milk 
E) breakfast burrito with chorizo 
A) sausage,egg,and cheese breakfast sandwich 
B) two scrambled eggs and white toast with butter 
C) oatmeal topped with raisins,walnuts,and ground flaxseed 
D) fruit-flavored cereal and skim milk 
E) breakfast burrito with chorizo

Question 16

LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and two types of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) triglycerides 
B) lipoproteins 
C) phospholipids 
D) monoglycerides 
E) diglycerides 
A) triglycerides 
B) lipoproteins 
C) phospholipids 
D) monoglycerides 
E) diglycerides

Question 17

Mike is a 45-year-old male who is concerned about his cardiovascular health.His mother and grandfather both have had heart attacks.His diet consists of a high-sugar granola breakfast cereal with whole milk; ham and American cheese on white bread for lunch; pretzels for snacks; and pepperoni pizza,steak,or cheeseburgers for most dinner meals.He also enjoys drinking beer several times a week,typically consuming five to six beers each time.​
Mike does not exercise regularly but enjoys playing golf,swimming,and weight lifting.His job is moderately active and involves long periods of standing,which worsens his chronic back pain.Recently Mike has been considering making some dietary and lifestyle modifications to improve his cardiovascular health and reduce his cholesterol.Answer the following questions to help Mike make healthy changes and improve his diet and lifestyle.
-Mike should keep his sodium intake at or below _____ mg per day to help prevent heart disease.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000 
B) 1,600 
C) 2,000 
D) 2,400 
E) 2,700 
A) 1,000 
B) 1,600 
C) 2,000 
D) 2,400 
E) 2,700

Question 18

LDL cholesterol generally carries less cholesterol than does HDL.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​chronic inflammation

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol" 
A) carbohydrate-containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of the bran coating and germ from the grain 
B) disorders related to plaque buildup in blood vessels in the heart,brain,legs,and other tissues and organs 
C) one of a number of disorders that result when circulation of blood to parts of the heart is inadequate 
D) deposits of cholesterol,other fats,white blood cells,calcium,and cell materials in the lining of the inner wall of arteries 
E) "hardening of the arteries" due to a buildup of plaque
F)"bad cholesterol"
G)layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels
H)the difference between total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration in blood
I)low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
J)condition in which cell membranes have reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin is needed to transport glucose into cells
K)sugars that are either added during the processing of foods,or are packaged as such
L)"good cholesterol"

Question 20

Which food contains a high percentage of saturated fat?

Accepted Answer

A) ​fish 
B) pasta 
C) cheese 
D) avocado 
E) olive oil 
A) ​fish 
B) pasta 
C) cheese 
D) avocado 
E) olive oil

Exam 19: Nutrition and Heart Disease

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​cardiovascular disease

Which food is an example of a refined grain product?

LDL cholesterol _____.

All LDL particles transport the same amount of cholesterol regardless of size.

Low _____ intake reduces the risk of hypertension in many people.

It is beginning to look like the rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes that have occurred in the United States over the past few decades were,to some extent,related to the popularity of low-fat diets.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​non-HDL cholesterol

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​HDL cholesterol

A heart attack is triggered _____.

Statins are indicated for people with LDL cholesterol levels of 220 mg/dL or higher.

Malnutrition during _____ can change the long-term functional status of certain genes in ways that increase the risk of heart disease later in life.

High levels of HDL cholesterol are related to an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis in many people.

Studies have found that saturated fat intake is related to the development of heart disease in most humans.

The symptoms associated with heart disease vary somewhat between the sexes.

LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and two types of _____.

LDL cholesterol generally carries less cholesterol than does HDL.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​chronic inflammation

Which food contains a high percentage of saturated fat?

Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms

The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Ways of Knowing about Nutrition

Understanding Food and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Healthy Diets: the Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate: and More

How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Weight Control: The Myths and Realities

Disordered Eating:Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia: and Pica

Useful Facts about Sugars: Starches: and Fiber

Diabetes Now

Alcohol: The Positives and Negatives

Proteins and Amino Acids

Vegetarian Diets

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Fats and Cholesterol in Health

Vitamins and Your Health

Phytochemicals

Diet and Cancer

Good Things to Know About Minerals

Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Water Is an Essential Nutrient

Nutrition:Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Nutrition and Physical Fitness for Everyone

Nutrition and Physical Performance

Good Nutrition for Life: Pregnancy: Breastfeeding: and Intimacy

Nutriton for Growing Years: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

The Multiple Dimensions of Food Safety

Aspects of Global Nutrition

Filters

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -cardiovascular disease

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -non-HDL cholesterol

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -HDL cholesterol

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -chronic inflammation