Exam 5: Sampling

A researcher who draws conclusions about group-level processes from individual-level data is constructing an ecological fallacy.

What is a Census? Provide an example of a census. How does it affect the issue of generalizability? Why is it that social scientists don't use them more often?

Describe simple random sampling.

In disproportionate stratified sampling, the proportion of each stratum is ______ what is in the population.

Dr. Smithson is interested in whether students at East High School in Columbus, Ohio, feel safe while they are on their way to and from school, and while at school. He contacts the school, and arranges to go to several classrooms to distribute a survey regarding perception of safety. Why would it not be appropriate to generalize findings to all high schools in Columbus?

______ generalizability refers to the ability to generalize from a sample of a larger population to that population itself.

Units selected at each stage of a multistage sample design are known as sampling units.

Probability sampling methods depend on nonrandom selection procedures.

Sample generalizability depends on sample quality, which is determined by the ______.

Sampling is unnecessary if ______.

What are Units of Analysis? Why are they important? How can errors be made when generalizing from one unit of analysis to another?

A situation where the sequence of elements varies in some regular, periodic pattern is known as ______.

Cluster sampling can be useful when ______.

Because each stratum is represented exactly in proportion to its size in the population from which the sample is drawn, by using proportionate stratified sampling you would eliminate any possibility of error in distribution of a variable.

In a census, of all the elements of a population, the probability that any particular element will be selected is 1.0.