Question 1

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  8 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  8 
E)  9

Question 2

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is referred to as "nonessential" would be best described as one that

Accepted Answer

A)  can be made by the animal's body from other substances. 
B)  is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. 
C)  must be ingested in the diet. 
D)  is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  is not found in many proteins. 
A)  can be made by the animal's body from other substances. 
B)  is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. 
C)  must be ingested in the diet. 
D)  is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  is not found in many proteins.

Question 3

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D)  include pepsinogen. 
E)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine. 
A)  initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D)  include pepsinogen. 
E)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine.

Question 4

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  elimination. 
A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  elimination.

Question 5

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  only those animals use those nutrients. 
B)  the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C)  these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D)  the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E)  only certain foods contain them. 
A)  only those animals use those nutrients. 
B)  the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C)  these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D)  the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E)  only certain foods contain them.

Question 6

A nutritional monomer that can be transported in the blood after a typical meal is

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose. 
B)  maltose. 
C)  fatty acid. 
D)  dipeptide. 
E)  trinucleotide. 
A)  sucrose. 
B)  maltose. 
C)  fatty acid. 
D)  dipeptide. 
E)  trinucleotide.

Question 7

In marine sponges, intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  endocytosis. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  secretion. 
A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  endocytosis. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  secretion.

Question 8

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Accepted Answer

A)  pH monitoring. 
B)  X-ray technology. 
C)  the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D)  colonoscopy. 
E)  sonography. 
A)  pH monitoring. 
B)  X-ray technology. 
C)  the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D)  colonoscopy. 
E)  sonography.

Question 9

Obesity in humans is most clearly linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer. 
B)  type 1 diabetes and breast cancer. 
C)  type 2 diabetes and muscle hypertrophy. 
D)  type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 
E)  type 2 diabetes and decreased appetite. 
A)  type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer. 
B)  type 1 diabetes and breast cancer. 
C)  type 2 diabetes and muscle hypertrophy. 
D)  type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 
E)  type 2 diabetes and decreased appetite.

Question 10

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric reflux. 
B)  premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C)  excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D)  increased stomach pH. 
E)  retention of food in the stomach. 
A)  gastric reflux. 
B)  premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C)  excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D)  increased stomach pH. 
E)  retention of food in the stomach.

Question 11

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B)  glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C)  liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D)  muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E)  fat, then protein, then glycogen 
A)  fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B)  glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C)  liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D)  muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E)  fat, then protein, then glycogen

Question 12

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

Accepted Answer

A)  cutting. 
B)  ripping. 
C)  grinding. 
D)  splitting. 
E)  piercing. 
A)  cutting. 
B)  ripping. 
C)  grinding. 
D)  splitting. 
E)  piercing.

Question 13

A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components, as well as fuel molecules needed for ATP production, is that the animal should have access to

Accepted Answer

A)  a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. 
B)  a diet low in lipids and high in protein. 
C)  a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids, especially water. 
D)  a diet that matches the "food pyramid" for the species. 
E)  a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals. 
A)  a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. 
B)  a diet low in lipids and high in protein. 
C)  a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids, especially water. 
D)  a diet that matches the "food pyramid" for the species. 
E)  a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals.

Question 14

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. Bacteria that produce vitamins as products are residents of location

Accepted Answer

A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  7. 
E)  8. 
A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  7. 
E)  8.

Question 15

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  oral cavity-starch digestion 
C)  large intestine-bile production 
D)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
E)  pancreas enzyme production 
A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  oral cavity-starch digestion 
C)  large intestine-bile production 
D)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
E)  pancreas enzyme production

Question 16

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  minerals. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  fats. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  minerals. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  fats.

Question 17

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle proteins 
B)  muscle and liver glycogen 
C)  fat stored in the liver 
D)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
E)  blood proteins 
A)  muscle proteins 
B)  muscle and liver glycogen 
C)  fat stored in the liver 
D)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
E)  blood proteins

Question 18

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  liver. 
E)  mouth. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  liver. 
E)  mouth.

Question 19

An enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase. 
B)  pepsin. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  trypsin. 
E)  sucrose. 
A)  amylase. 
B)  pepsin. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  trypsin. 
E)  sucrose.

Question 20

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

Accepted Answer

A)  large intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  pharynx. 
D)  rectum. 
E)  epiglottis. 
A)  large intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  pharynx. 
D)  rectum. 
E)  epiglottis.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is referred to as "nonessential" would be best described as one that

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

A nutritional monomer that can be transported in the blood after a typical meal is

In marine sponges, intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Obesity in humans is most clearly linked to

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components, as well as fuel molecules needed for ATP production, is that the animal should have access to

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. Bacteria that produce vitamins as products are residents of location

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the

An enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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