Question 1

All of the following are plant adaptations to life on land except

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheids and vessels. 
B)  root hairs. 
C)  cuticle. 
D)  the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. 
E)  collenchyma. 
A)  tracheids and vessels. 
B)  root hairs. 
C)  cuticle. 
D)  the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. 
E)  collenchyma.

Question 2

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex 
E)  root hairs 
A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex 
E)  root hairs

Question 3

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures cannot be used to support this view?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  cytosol 
D)  tonoplast 
E)  symplast 
A)  cell wall 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  cytosol 
D)  tonoplast 
E)  symplast

Question 4

As a biologist, it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry, hot conditions. Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective?

Accepted Answer

A)  CAM plants that grow rapidly 
B)  small, thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface 
C)  a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves 
D)  large, fleshy stems with the ability to carry out photosynthesis 
E)  plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a short, thick taproot 
A)  CAM plants that grow rapidly 
B)  small, thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface 
C)  a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves 
D)  large, fleshy stems with the ability to carry out photosynthesis 
E)  plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a short, thick taproot

Question 5

Root hairs are most important to a plant because they

Accepted Answer

A)  anchor a plant in the soil. 
B)  store starches. 
C)  increase the surface area for absorption. 
D)  provide a habitat for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
E)  contain xylem tissue. 
A)  anchor a plant in the soil. 
B)  store starches. 
C)  increase the surface area for absorption. 
D)  provide a habitat for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
E)  contain xylem tissue.

Question 6

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
B)  sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
C)  water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. 
D)  the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. 
E)  sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport. 
A)  sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
B)  sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
C)  water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. 
D)  the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. 
E)  sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport.

Question 7

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Accepted Answer

A)  the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B)  the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C)  sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil. 
D)  water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
E)  B and D. 
A)  the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B)  the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C)  sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil. 
D)  water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
E)  B and D.

Question 8

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a proton gradient. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  membrane potential. 
D)  transport proteins 
E)  xylem membranes. 
A)  a proton gradient. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  membrane potential. 
D)  transport proteins 
E)  xylem membranes.

Question 9

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring?
Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B)  sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C)  nucleic acids; flower; root 
D)  proteins; root; leaf 
E)  sugars; stem; root 
A)  amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B)  sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C)  nucleic acids; flower; root 
D)  proteins; root; leaf 
E)  sugars; stem; root

Question 10

Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy. What allows each leaf to get the maximum exposure to light and reduces shading of lower leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  a leaf area index above 8 
B)  self-pruning 
C)  one leaf only per node 
D)  leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
E)  a leaf area index above 8 and leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
A)  a leaf area index above 8 
B)  self-pruning 
C)  one leaf only per node 
D)  leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
E)  a leaf area index above 8 and leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves

Question 11

Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cohesion of water molecules 
B)  a negative water potential 
C)  the root parenchyma 
D)  the active transport of solutes 
E)  bulk flow from source to sink 
A)  the cohesion of water molecules 
B)  a negative water potential 
C)  the root parenchyma 
D)  the active transport of solutes 
E)  bulk flow from source to sink

Question 12

Which of the following statements is false concerning the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xylem tracheids and vessels fulfill their vital function only after their death. 
B)  The cell walls of the tracheids are greatly strengthened with cellulose fibrils forming thickened rings or spirals. 
C)  Water molecules are transpired from the cells of the leaves, and replaced by water molecules in the xylem pulled up from the roots due to the cohesion of water molecules. 
D)  Movement of materials is by mass flow; solutes in xylary sap move due to a positive turgor pressure gradient from source to sink. 
E)  In the morning, sap in the xylem begins to move first in the twigs of the upper portion of the tree, and later in the lower trunk. 
A)  Xylem tracheids and vessels fulfill their vital function only after their death. 
B)  The cell walls of the tracheids are greatly strengthened with cellulose fibrils forming thickened rings or spirals. 
C)  Water molecules are transpired from the cells of the leaves, and replaced by water molecules in the xylem pulled up from the roots due to the cohesion of water molecules. 
D)  Movement of materials is by mass flow; solutes in xylary sap move due to a positive turgor pressure gradient from source to sink. 
E)  In the morning, sap in the xylem begins to move first in the twigs of the upper portion of the tree, and later in the lower trunk.

Question 13

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  mycorrhizae 
B)  cavitation 
C)  active uptake by vessel elements 
D)  rhythmic contractions by cortical cells 
E)  pumping through plasmodesmata 
A)  mycorrhizae 
B)  cavitation 
C)  active uptake by vessel elements 
D)  rhythmic contractions by cortical cells 
E)  pumping through plasmodesmata

Question 14

Compared with a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will

Accepted Answer

A)  have a faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  have a lower water potential. 
C)  have a higher water potential. 
D)  have a faster rate of active transport. 
E)  accumulate water by active transport. 
A)  have a faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  have a lower water potential. 
C)  have a higher water potential. 
D)  have a faster rate of active transport. 
E)  accumulate water by active transport.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolyzes ATP 
B)  produces a proton gradient 
C)  generates a membrane potential 
D)  equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane 
E)  stores potential energy on one side of a membrane 
A)  hydrolyzes ATP 
B)  produces a proton gradient 
C)  generates a membrane potential 
D)  equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane 
E)  stores potential energy on one side of a membrane

Question 16

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport of ions into the stele 
B)  atmospheric pressure on roots 
C)  evaporation of water through stoma 
D)  the force of root pressure 
E)  osmosis in the root 
A)  active transport of ions into the stele 
B)  atmospheric pressure on roots 
C)  evaporation of water through stoma 
D)  the force of root pressure 
E)  osmosis in the root

Question 17

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. 
B)  Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. 
C)  Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. 
D)  Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. 
E)  Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull. 
A)  Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. 
B)  Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. 
C)  Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. 
D)  Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. 
E)  Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull.

Question 18

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporative cooling. 
B)  mineral transport. 
C)  increased turgor. 
D)  increased growth, 
E)  only evaporative cooling and mineral transport. 
A)  evaporative cooling. 
B)  mineral transport. 
C)  increased turgor. 
D)  increased growth, 
E)  only evaporative cooling and mineral transport.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements about transport of nutrients in phloem is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solute particles can be actively transported into phloem at the source. 
B)  Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap. 
C)  Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure gradient to be formed. 
D)  A sink is that part of the plant where a particular solute is consumed or stored. 
E)  A sink may be located anywhere in the plant. 
A)  Solute particles can be actively transported into phloem at the source. 
B)  Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap. 
C)  Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure gradient to be formed. 
D)  A sink is that part of the plant where a particular solute is consumed or stored. 
E)  A sink may be located anywhere in the plant.

Question 20

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Accepted Answer

A)  solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B)  water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C)  the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D)  the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration. 
E)  the pressure in the phloem of a root is normally greater than the pressure in the phloem of a leaf. 
A)  solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B)  water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C)  the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D)  the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration. 
E)  the pressure in the phloem of a root is normally greater than the pressure in the phloem of a leaf.

Exam 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

All of the following are plant adaptations to life on land except

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures cannot be used to support this view?

As a biologist, it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry, hot conditions. Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective?

Root hairs are most important to a plant because they

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy. What allows each leaf to get the maximum exposure to light and reduces shading of lower leaves?

Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?

Which of the following statements is false concerning the xylem?

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

Compared with a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump?

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false?

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Which one of the following statements about transport of nutrients in phloem is false?

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports from the source to the sink.