Question 1

-Which of the structures illustrated above cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 2

-Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B)  are mirror images of one another. 
C)  are structural isomers. 
D)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity. 
E)  are cis-trans isomers. 
A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B)  are mirror images of one another. 
C)  are structural isomers. 
D)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity. 
E)  are cis-trans isomers.

Question 3

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller 
B)  Jakob Berzelius 
C)  Friedrich Wohler 
D)  Hermann Kolbe 
E)  August Kekulé 
A)  Stanley Miller 
B)  Jakob Berzelius 
C)  Friedrich Wohler 
D)  Hermann Kolbe 
E)  August Kekulé

Question 4

-Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 5

-Which molecule(s)shown above is (are)ionized in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B and D 
C)  D and E 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B and D 
C)  D and E 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

-Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 7

-Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 8

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  8 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  8

Question 9

Testosterone and estradiol are

Accepted Answer

A)  soluble in water. 
B)  structural isomers of each other. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  enantiomers of each other. 
A)  soluble in water. 
B)  structural isomers of each other. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  enantiomers of each other.

Question 10

-Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

-In which of the structures illustrated above are the atoms bonded by ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  C, D, and E only 
E)  none of the structures 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  C, D, and E only 
E)  none of the structures

Question 12

-Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 13

-Which functional group(s)shown above is (are)present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and D 
C)  C only 
D)  D only 
E)  C and D 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and D 
C)  C only 
D)  D only 
E)  C and D

Question 14

Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements was a significant milestone for what reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  It solved an industrial shortage of acetic acid. 
B)  It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds. 
C)  It disproved the concept of vitalism. 
D)  It showed that life originated from simple inorganic chemicals. 
E)  It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism. 
A)  It solved an industrial shortage of acetic acid. 
B)  It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds. 
C)  It disproved the concept of vitalism. 
D)  It showed that life originated from simple inorganic chemicals. 
E)  It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism.

Question 15

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of vital forces. 
D)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
E)  the study of hydrocarbons. 
A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of vital forces. 
D)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
E)  the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 16

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C)  the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D)  the presence or absence of bonds with nitrogen atoms 
E)  the solvent that the organic molecule is dissolved in 
A)  the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C)  the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D)  the presence or absence of bonds with nitrogen atoms 
E)  the solvent that the organic molecule is dissolved in

Question 17

-Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 18

Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
  
-Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 19

-Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 20

-Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

-Which of the structures illustrated above cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules?

-Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

-Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

-Which molecule(s)shown above is (are)ionized in aqueous solution at pH 7?

-Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols?

-Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Testosterone and estradiol are

-Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

-In which of the structures illustrated above are the atoms bonded by ionic bonds?

-Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

-Which functional group(s)shown above is (are)present in all amino acids?

Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements was a significant milestone for what reason?

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

-Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Answer the following questions based on the figure below. -Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.

-Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

-Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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