Question 1

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH⁻] concentration of 10⁻¹² ᴹ?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 4 
C)  pH 10 
D)  pH 12 
E)  pH 14 
A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 4 
C)  pH 10 
D)  pH 12 
E)  pH 14

Question 2

Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecular collisions in the drink increase. 
B)  Kinetic energy in the drink decreases. 
C)  A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. 
D)  The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. 
E)  Evaporation of the water in the drink increases. 
A)  Molecular collisions in the drink increase. 
B)  Kinetic energy in the drink decreases. 
C)  A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. 
D)  The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. 
E)  Evaporation of the water in the drink increases.

Question 3

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

Accepted Answer

A)  compounds that have polar covalent bonds. 
B)  oils. 
C)  oxygen gas (O₂) molecules. 
D)  chloride ions. 
E)  any compound that is not soluble in water. 
A)  compounds that have polar covalent bonds. 
B)  oils. 
C)  oxygen gas (O₂) molecules. 
D)  chloride ions. 
E)  any compound that is not soluble in water.

Question 4

The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories. If one were to burn one serving of the cereal, the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2°C 
B)  1.0°C 
C)  2.0°C 
D)  10.0°C 
E)  20.0°C 
A)  0.2°C 
B)  1.0°C 
C)  2.0°C 
D)  10.0°C 
E)  20.0°C

Question 5

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  10⁻¹⁰ M 
B)  10⁻⁴ M 
C)  10⁻⁷ M 
D)  10⁻¹⁴ ᴹ 
E)  10 M 
A)  10⁻¹⁰ M 
B)  10⁻⁴ M 
C)  10⁻⁷ M 
D)  10⁻¹⁴ ᴹ 
E)  10 M

Question 6

-How many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution?
(carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

Accepted Answer

A)  29 
B)  30 
C)  60 
D)  150 
E)  342 
A)  29 
B)  30 
C)  60 
D)  150 
E)  342

Question 7

The molar mass of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 0.5 M solution of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of solution is 1 L. 
B)  Dissolve 90 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L. 
C)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L. 
D)  Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in 1 L of water. 
E)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.5 L of water. 
A)  Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of solution is 1 L. 
B)  Dissolve 90 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L. 
C)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L. 
D)  Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in 1 L of water. 
E)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.5 L of water.

Question 8

How many molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆ molecular mass = 180 daltons)would be present in 90 grams of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  90 × 10²³ 
B)  (6.02/180) × 10²³ 
C)  (6.02/90) × 10²³ 
D)  (90 x 6.02) × 10²³ 
E)  (90/180) × 6.02 × 10²³ 
A)  90 × 10²³ 
B)  (6.02/180) × 10²³ 
C)  (6.02/90) × 10²³ 
D)  (90 x 6.02) × 10²³ 
E)  (90/180) × 6.02 × 10²³

Question 9

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. 
B)  A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. 
E)  Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants. 
A)  Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. 
B)  A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. 
E)  Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants.

Question 10

If the pH of a solution is decreased from 9 to 8, it means that the

Accepted Answer

A)  concentration of H⁺ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what it was at pH 9. 
B)  concentration of H⁺ has increased tenfold (10X) compared to what it was at pH 9. 
C)  concentration of OH⁻ has increased tenfold (10X) compared to what it was at pH 9. 
D)  concentration of OH⁻ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what it was at pH 9. 
E)  concentration of H⁺ has increased tenfold (10X) and the concentration of OH⁻ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what they were at pH 9. 
A)  concentration of H⁺ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what it was at pH 9. 
B)  concentration of H⁺ has increased tenfold (10X) compared to what it was at pH 9. 
C)  concentration of OH⁻ has increased tenfold (10X) compared to what it was at pH 9. 
D)  concentration of OH⁻ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what it was at pH 9. 
E)  concentration of H⁺ has increased tenfold (10X) and the concentration of OH⁻ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what they were at pH 9.

Question 11

A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1,000°C 
B)  100 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 1°C 
C)  10,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°F 
D)  1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C 
E)  1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 100°C 
A)  1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1,000°C 
B)  100 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 1°C 
C)  10,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°F 
D)  1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C 
E)  1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 100°C

Question 12

A given solution contains 0.0001(10⁻⁴)moles of hydrogen ions [H⁺] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic: will accept H⁺ from both strong and weak acids 
B)  basic: will accept H⁺ from both strong and weak acids 
C)  acidic: will give H⁺ to weak acids, but accept H⁺ from strong acids 
D)  basic: will give H⁺ to weak acids, but accept H⁺ from weak acids 
E)  acidic: will give H⁺ to both strong and weak acids 
A)  acidic: will accept H⁺ from both strong and weak acids 
B)  basic: will accept H⁺ from both strong and weak acids 
C)  acidic: will give H⁺ to weak acids, but accept H⁺ from strong acids 
D)  basic: will give H⁺ to weak acids, but accept H⁺ from weak acids 
E)  acidic: will give H⁺ to both strong and weak acids

Question 13

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  nonpolar covalent bonds. 
C)  polar covalent bonds. 
D)  ionic bonds. 
E)  van der Waals interactions. 
A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  nonpolar covalent bonds. 
C)  polar covalent bonds. 
D)  ionic bonds. 
E)  van der Waals interactions.

Question 14

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds. 
B)  hydrogen bonds between water molecules. 
C)  covalent bonds between atoms within water molecules. 
D)  polar covalent bonds. 
E)  nonpolar covalent bonds. 
A)  ionic bonds. 
B)  hydrogen bonds between water molecules. 
C)  covalent bonds between atoms within water molecules. 
D)  polar covalent bonds. 
E)  nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 15

One liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H⁺)than 1L of a solution of pH 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 times more 
B)  16 times more 
C)  40,000 times more 
D)  10,000 times more 
E)  100,000 times more 
A)  4 times more 
B)  16 times more 
C)  40,000 times more 
D)  10,000 times more 
E)  100,000 times more

Question 16

You have a freshly prepared 1 M solution of glucose in water. You carefully pour out a 100 mL sample of that solution. How many glucose molecules are included in that 100 mL sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.02 × 10²³ 
B)  3.01 × 10²³ 
C)  6.02 × 10²⁴ 
D)  12.04 × 10²³ 
E)  6.02 × 10²² 
A)  6.02 × 10²³ 
B)  3.01 × 10²³ 
C)  6.02 × 10²⁴ 
D)  12.04 × 10²³ 
E)  6.02 × 10²²

Question 17

The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 1 M solution of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolve 1 g of glucose in 1 L of water. 
B)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 1 L of water. 
C)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 180 g of water. 
D)  Dissolve 180 milligrams (mg) of glucose in 1 L of water. 
E)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.8 L of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L. 
A)  Dissolve 1 g of glucose in 1 L of water. 
B)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 1 L of water. 
C)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 180 g of water. 
D)  Dissolve 180 milligrams (mg) of glucose in 1 L of water. 
E)  Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.8 L of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L.

Question 18

When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl)is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na⁺)and chloride ions (Cl⁻). In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol)do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 L of 0.5 M NaCl 
B)  1 L of 0.5 M glucose 
C)  1 L of 1.0 M NaCl 
D)  1 L of 1.0 M glucose 
E)  1 L of 1.0 M NaCl and 1 L of 1.0 M glucose will contain equal numbers of solute particles. 
A)  1 L of 0.5 M NaCl 
B)  1 L of 0.5 M glucose 
C)  1 L of 1.0 M NaCl 
D)  1 L of 1.0 M glucose 
E)  1 L of 1.0 M NaCl and 1 L of 1.0 M glucose will contain equal numbers of solute particles.

Question 19

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 20

A small birthday candle is weighed, then lighted and placed beneath a metal can containing 100 mL of water. Careful records are kept as the temperature of the water rises. Data from this experiment are shown on the graph. What amount of heat energy is released in the burning of candle wax?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
B)  5 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
C)  10 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
D)  20 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
E)  50 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
A)  0.5 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
B)  5 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
C)  10 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
D)  20 kilocalories per gram of wax burned 
E)  50 kilocalories per gram of wax burned

Exam 3: Water and Life

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH⁻] concentration of 10⁻¹² ᴹ?

Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories. If one were to burn one serving of the cereal, the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius?

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake?

-How many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution? (carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

The molar mass of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 0.5 M solution of glucose?

How many molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆ molecular mass = 180 daltons)would be present in 90 grams of glucose?

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

If the pH of a solution is decreased from 9 to 8, it means that the

A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie?

A given solution contains 0.0001(10⁻⁴)moles of hydrogen ions [H⁺] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are

One liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H⁺)than 1L of a solution of pH 6?

You have a freshly prepared 1 M solution of glucose in water. You carefully pour out a 100 mL sample of that solution. How many glucose molecules are included in that 100 mL sample?

The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 1 M solution of glucose?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

A small birthday candle is weighed, then lighted and placed beneath a metal can containing 100 mL of water. Careful records are kept as the temperature of the water rises. Data from this experiment are shown on the graph. What amount of heat energy is released in the burning of candle wax?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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