Question 1

Which of the following is the political philosophy based on the desire to preserve past social and political traditions and practices?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservatism 
B)  communism 
C)  fascism 
D)  socialism 
A)  conservatism 
B)  communism 
C)  fascism 
D)  socialism A

Question 2

The emotivists thought that moral judgments are genuine propositions with a clear, factual meaning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

According to Michael Walzer, what is a thick moral argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  a moral argument that takes into account the actual, particular details of the political association or culture involved 
B)  a moral argument that focuses on abstract, universal questions of value, obligation, and justice 
C)  a moral argument that is dense and hard to understand 
D)  a moral argument that is systematic rather than piecemeal moral argument 
A)  a moral argument that takes into account the actual, particular details of the political association or culture involved 
B)  a moral argument that focuses on abstract, universal questions of value, obligation, and justice 
C)  a moral argument that is dense and hard to understand 
D)  a moral argument that is systematic rather than piecemeal moral argument A

Question 4

_____ is an economic system in which ownership of the means of production and distribution is maintained primarily by private individuals and corporations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Communism 
B)  Socialism 
C)  Fascism 
D)  Capitalism 
A)  Communism 
B)  Socialism 
C)  Fascism 
D)  Capitalism

Question 5

Identify Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a society.

Accepted Answer

A)  It should be unequal unless a more equal distribution would benefit everyone. 
B)  It should be equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone. 
C)  It should always be equal. 
D)  It should be based on effort, talent, and accomplishments. 
A)  It should be unequal unless a more equal distribution would benefit everyone. 
B)  It should be equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone. 
C)  It should always be equal. 
D)  It should be based on effort, talent, and accomplishments.

Question 6

John Rawls argued that rational, self-interested people choosing from behind a veil of ignorance would agree that there should be no inequalities in liberty or wealth and income in the just society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the minimal state is unjust?

Accepted Answer

A)  Such a state fails to achieve communitarian consensus on the good. 
B)  Such a state violates persons' rights not to be forced to do certain things. 
C)  Such a state would not be agreed to by rational, self-interested individuals in a fair initial bargaining situation. 
D)  Nozick is an anarchist libertarian who doesn't think that any state is just. 
A)  Such a state fails to achieve communitarian consensus on the good. 
B)  Such a state violates persons' rights not to be forced to do certain things. 
C)  Such a state would not be agreed to by rational, self-interested individuals in a fair initial bargaining situation. 
D)  Nozick is an anarchist libertarian who doesn't think that any state is just.

Question 8

The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  metaethics. 
B)  normative ethics. 
C)  deontological ethics. 
D)  prima facie duty. 
A)  metaethics. 
B)  normative ethics. 
C)  deontological ethics. 
D)  prima facie duty.

Question 9

According to the emotivists, what do moral judgments do?

Accepted Answer

A)  They guide conduct. 
B)  They assert facts. 
C)  They express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way. 
D)  They create value. 
A)  They guide conduct. 
B)  They assert facts. 
C)  They express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way. 
D)  They create value.

Question 10

According to Rawls, the most important good is respecting others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Robert Nozick is a libertarian who thinks that only a state limited to the functions of a night-watchman is morally justifiable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Identify a true statement about Marcuse's philosophical position.

Accepted Answer

A)  He perceived a weakening of the integration of the working classes into society. 
B)  He believed that morality means creating something and then making money from it. 
C)  He developed the ideas of ethical egoism, laissez-faire capitalism, and individual rights with his philosophy of Objectivism. 
D)  He believed that taking from the rich without compensation and giving to the poor is never just. 
A)  He perceived a weakening of the integration of the working classes into society. 
B)  He believed that morality means creating something and then making money from it. 
C)  He developed the ideas of ethical egoism, laissez-faire capitalism, and individual rights with his philosophy of Objectivism. 
D)  He believed that taking from the rich without compensation and giving to the poor is never just.

Question 13

Making and defending moral judgments is known as metaethics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Metaethics is the attempt to understand the sources, criteria, meaning, verification, or validation of moral value judgments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Herbert Marcuse argued that the reason the Marxist revolution didn't happen in modern industrial societies is because capitalism doesn't really lead to the exploitation and alienation of workers that Marx said it did.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Classical liberalism argued that the government should not interfere in economic affairs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is true of John Rawls's original position?

Accepted Answer

A)  It leads to an entitlement view of justice. 
B)  It ensures that people do not tailor their conception of justice to their own case. 
C)  It is the position of a person in a socio-political world before the introduction of a veil of ignorance. 
D)  It is the social position of people in their current, real-life societies. 
A)  It leads to an entitlement view of justice. 
B)  It ensures that people do not tailor their conception of justice to their own case. 
C)  It is the position of a person in a socio-political world before the introduction of a veil of ignorance. 
D)  It is the social position of people in their current, real-life societies.

Question 18

Ayn Rand embraced a community-based ethics, in which the neediest were cared for by the strongest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

MacIntyre accepted Aristotle's view that human nature cannot be specified merely by stating the average human's characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is the political philosophy based on the desire to preserve past social and political traditions and practices?

The emotivists thought that moral judgments are genuine propositions with a clear, factual meaning.

According to Michael Walzer, what is a thick moral argument?

_____ is an economic system in which ownership of the means of production and distribution is maintained primarily by private individuals and corporations.

Identify Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a society.

John Rawls argued that rational, self-interested people choosing from behind a veil of ignorance would agree that there should be no inequalities in liberty or wealth and income in the just society.

Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the minimal state is unjust?

The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as:

According to the emotivists, what do moral judgments do?

According to Rawls, the most important good is respecting others.

Robert Nozick is a libertarian who thinks that only a state limited to the functions of a night-watchman is morally justifiable.

Identify a true statement about Marcuse's philosophical position.

Making and defending moral judgments is known as metaethics.

Metaethics is the attempt to understand the sources, criteria, meaning, verification, or validation of moral value judgments.

Herbert Marcuse argued that the reason the Marxist revolution didn't happen in modern industrial societies is because capitalism doesn't really lead to the exploitation and alienation of workers that Marx said it did.

Classical liberalism argued that the government should not interfere in economic affairs.

Which of the following is true of John Rawls's original position?

Ayn Rand embraced a community-based ethics, in which the neediest were cared for by the strongest.

MacIntyre accepted Aristotle's view that human nature cannot be specified merely by stating the average human's characteristics.

Dark Blue Velvet

The Pre-Socratics

Socrates, Plato

Aristotle

Philosophers of the Hellenistic and Christian Eras

The Rise of Modern Metaphysics and Epistemology

The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

The Continental Tradition

The Pragmatic and Analytic Traditions

Moral Philosophy

Political Philosophy

Philosophy and Belief in God

Feminist Philosophy

Eastern Influences

Postcolonial Thought

Four Philosophical Problems

Filters

Exam 12: Recent Moral and Political Philosophy

Which of the following is the political philosophy based on the desire to preserve past social and political traditions and practices?

The emotivists thought that moral judgments are genuine propositions with a clear, factual meaning.

According to Michael Walzer, what is a thick moral argument?

_____ is an economic system in which ownership of the means of production and distribution is maintained primarily by private individuals and corporations.

Identify Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a society.

John Rawls argued that rational, self-interested people choosing from behind a veil of ignorance would agree that there should be no inequalities in liberty or wealth and income in the just society.

Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the minimal state is unjust?

The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as:

According to the emotivists, what do moral judgments do?

According to Rawls, the most important good is respecting others.

Robert Nozick is a libertarian who thinks that only a state limited to the functions of a night-watchman is morally justifiable.

Identify a true statement about Marcuse's philosophical position.

Making and defending moral judgments is known as metaethics.

Metaethics is the attempt to understand the sources, criteria, meaning, verification, or validation of moral value judgments.

Herbert Marcuse argued that the reason the Marxist revolution didn't happen in modern industrial societies is because capitalism doesn't really lead to the exploitation and alienation of workers that Marx said it did.

Classical liberalism argued that the government should not interfere in economic affairs.

Which of the following is true of John Rawls's original position?

Ayn Rand embraced a community-based ethics, in which the neediest were cared for by the strongest.

MacIntyre accepted Aristotle's view that human nature cannot be specified merely by stating the average human's characteristics.

Dark Blue Velvet

The Pre-Socratics

Socrates, Plato

Aristotle

Philosophers of the Hellenistic and Christian Eras

The Rise of Modern Metaphysics and Epistemology

The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

The Continental Tradition

The Pragmatic and Analytic Traditions

Moral Philosophy

Political Philosophy

Philosophy and Belief in God

Feminist Philosophy

Eastern Influences

Postcolonial Thought

Four Philosophical Problems

Filters