Exam 10: Moral Philosophy

For Nietzsche, who or what is the source of ethical truth?

St. Thomas Aquinas held that there were two sets of virtues, one set directing us to happiness on earth and the other directing us to everlasting happiness.

The Epicureans and the Stoics agreed that the good life is the pleasant life.

According to John Stuart Mill, why should we seek to raise the general happiness rather than just our own?

According to the Stoics, _____ is the vital force that activates or energizes all things.

Aristotle thought that the key to happiness is having a soul that is well ordered.

According to Immanuel Kant, principles of morality can only be ascertained by:

St. Hildegard believed that mystical experience was a source of knowledge as certain as reason.

According to Plato, when the intellect itself is governed by reason, we exhibit:

According to St. Augustine, moral evil comes from _____.

Socrates believed that non-virtuous conduct is usually the result of willing evil.

David Hume believed that moral judgments are based on reasoning from the observed facts of a situation.

Unlike the utilitarians, who based morality on consequences, Kant held that morality is categorical and thus must be based solely on reason.

Thomas Hobbes thought that one has the natural right to use all means necessary to defend oneself or otherwise ensure one's survival.

Plato held that the ultimate source of reality and goodness lies beyond the physical, natural world.

According to Plato, _____ is the virtue that obtains when all elements of the soul function as they should in obedience to reason.

Which of the following pieces of advice is more likely to come from a Stoic?

According to Plato, Form goodness is apprehended by:

St. Augustine believed that the existence of the Devil is the best explanation of why there is evil in a world created by a totally good God.

According to Aristotle, human happiness consists of: