Exam 14: Poverty and Economic Inequality

The Taft-Hartley Act made the legal climate _______, and union membership levels _______.

The presence of organized labor in the U.S. labor market creates a situation that resembles a

Union membership has _______ in the United States because of _______.

Members of labor unions are able to use their _______ to achieve better economic outcomes.

The costs that immigrants impose on governments arise mainly in terms of _______, which are primarily the responsibilities of the _______ government(s).

Measured in absolute numbers, the level of immigration during the 1990s into the United States was _______ compared with the levels of previous decades. When considered as a percentage of the population at the time, the level of immigration into the United States during the 1990s was _______ than the levels experienced during the earlier decades of the twentieth century.

If an economist were to disregard unionized government employees, then current U.S. labor market statistics would show that

Which of the following is most likely to have a large union membership that experiences little import competition?

If U.S. immigration consists of mainly low-skilled workers, then an increase in immigration _______ The wages of low-skilled workers.

The U.S. government strongly encouraged unions to be formed in the early 1940s because they held the view that unions would help to

In the Unites States, worker membership in labor unions has been

List four factors that likely contributed to the number of workers in the U.S. labor market belonging to unions declining so dramatically since the early 1950s.

Of the many available policies to reduce discrimination by race and gender in the U.S. labor market, the most controversial is likely to be

With regard to labor unions, which of the following is an accurate statement?

Describe the public policies that can be used in the United States to reduce earnings gaps in its labor market.

Labor unions can:

Factors that contributed to the current level of the earnings gap in the U.S. labor market between black and white workers include:

Briefly explain the advantage employers have over the single employee.

Any government policy that provides _______ and _______ deserves to be looked at twice, or even three times.

If unions help workers secure pension benefits, so that those workers are less dependent on government social assistance after their retirement, then