Exam 14: Poverty and Economic Inequality

Discriminatory impulses in the labor market can emerge at a number of levels:

There is little evidence that countries with high union membership _______ , and also very little evidence that the reduction in U.S. union membership over time has brought _______ for the U.S. economy as a whole.

Say the average increase in pay for non-union workers in 2011 is 2% across the U.S. If a workers' union successfully negotiates a 3 year collective agreement that provides a 4.5% raise in 2011, and a 4.3% raise in 2013, then the for-profit employer will typically

Briefly describe the function of a labor union.

A _______ is an organization of workers that negotiates with employers as a group over wages and working conditions.

If a for-profit firm that has paid out record bonuses to its executive every year while underfunding contributions to unionized workers' pensions required under the collective agreement then attempts to reduce workers' pension entitlements, the union members will most likely

What Act was passed to allow American workers to opt out of the union in their workplace?

In the United States, the number of unionized government jobs has _______.

A labor union seeks to _______ Between employers and workers.

Briefly discuss the wage gap experienced by women and black workers in the U.S. labor market and note any controversy relating to the extent to which certain factors might explain these circumstances.

Discrimination in labor markets arises if _______, as measured by education, receive different pay because of their _______.

Unions can be perceived as being economically harmful when they

Contrast recent level of U.S. immigration as measured in absolute numbers and as measured as a share of the population.

The earnings gap in the U.S. labor market between black and white workers _______ in the 1960s and 1970s, but, since 1980, the gap _______.

Briefly explain how the free market affects discrimination in the U.S. labor market and identify factors that counter these affects.

There is sufficient evidence showing that union workers in the manufacturing sector generally

Of all the available policies to reduce discrimination by race and gender, the most costly is likely to be:

From a competitive firms' point of view, the key question regarding the higher wages paid to Union workers is whether the higher wage level

Which of the following industries is the least likely to employ a unionized labor force?

In the U.S. manufacturing sector, unionized jobs have _______ in recent years.