Question 1

Benefits of costly signaling include __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased status 
B)  increased cooperation from group members 
C)  higher quality mating opportunities 
D)  all of the above 
A)  increased status 
B)  increased cooperation from group members 
C)  higher quality mating opportunities 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

The social-exchange heuristic refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of all humans to interact with and benefit from others 
B)  a diminished capacity to attract altruists through a damaged reputation 
C)  a psychological mechanism that motivates us to exploit a partner who is cooperating 
D)  a cognitive adaptation designed to bias us toward not exploiting a partner who is cooperating 
A)  the ability of all humans to interact with and benefit from others 
B)  a diminished capacity to attract altruists through a damaged reputation 
C)  a psychological mechanism that motivates us to exploit a partner who is cooperating 
D)  a cognitive adaptation designed to bias us toward not exploiting a partner who is cooperating

Question 3

A ___________ person is more vulnerable to desertion than is someone who is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Replaceable; irreplaceable 
B)  Irreplaceable; replaceable 
C)  Altruistic; a cheater 
D)  Young; an elderly person 
A)  Replaceable; irreplaceable 
B)  Irreplaceable; replaceable 
C)  Altruistic; a cheater 
D)  Young; an elderly person

Question 4

People report _________ when they help others in need without insisting on, or expecting, any future reward. Shackelford and Buss found that this can be interpreted as a _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling pleasure; a sign of friendship 
B)  being distrustful; psychological mechanism to deter future social interactions with this person 
C)  feeling pleasure; psychological mechanism designed to reward cooperation 
D)  feeling pride; psychological mechanism designed to reward cooperation 
A)  feeling pleasure; a sign of friendship 
B)  being distrustful; psychological mechanism to deter future social interactions with this person 
C)  feeling pleasure; psychological mechanism designed to reward cooperation 
D)  feeling pride; psychological mechanism designed to reward cooperation

Question 5

The _____________ is a hypothetical situation in which two people are forced to weigh the costs and benefits of cooperation, temptations to defect, and punishment for mutual defection.

Accepted Answer

A)  temptation to defect 
B)  reward for mutual cooperation 
C)  sucker's payoff 
D)  Prisoner's Dilemma 
A)  temptation to defect 
B)  reward for mutual cooperation 
C)  sucker's payoff 
D)  Prisoner's Dilemma

Question 6

Over evolutionary time, ________will reproduce more than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exclusive cooperators; exclusive cheaters 
B)  opportunistic cheaters; exclusive cooperators 
C)  men; women 
D)  women; men 
A)  exclusive cooperators; exclusive cheaters 
B)  opportunistic cheaters; exclusive cooperators 
C)  men; women 
D)  women; men

Question 7

In order for cooperative coalitions to emerge, individuals must be able to solve all of the following adaptive problems EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  coordinating individuals toward a common goal 
B)  detecting altruistic members 
C)  imposing group obligations on members 
D)  punishing free riders 
A)  coordinating individuals toward a common goal 
B)  detecting altruistic members 
C)  imposing group obligations on members 
D)  punishing free riders

Question 8

The tit for tat strategy involves __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperating on the first move, then reciprocating a partner's move for each move thereafter 
B)  defecting immediately 
C)  reciprocation on every other move 
D)  always cooperating 
A)  cooperating on the first move, then reciprocating a partner's move for each move thereafter 
B)  defecting immediately 
C)  reciprocation on every other move 
D)  always cooperating

Question 9

The problem of altruism __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a greater selective force than the problem of social exchange 
B)  does not imply the value of cheater detection in defining the evolution of mechanisms designed to guide altruistic acts 
C)  describes problems associated with how altruism among non-relatives could evolve given the selfish designs that aid in the reproduction of non-relatives at a cost to the altruist 
D)  describes problems associated with how altruism among collateral relatives could evolve given the selfish designs that aid in the reproduction of more closely related relatives at a cost to the altruist 
A)  is a greater selective force than the problem of social exchange 
B)  does not imply the value of cheater detection in defining the evolution of mechanisms designed to guide altruistic acts 
C)  describes problems associated with how altruism among non-relatives could evolve given the selfish designs that aid in the reproduction of non-relatives at a cost to the altruist 
D)  describes problems associated with how altruism among collateral relatives could evolve given the selfish designs that aid in the reproduction of more closely related relatives at a cost to the altruist

Question 10

The only way reciprocal altruism can evolve is if __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms have mechanisms to detect and avoid cheaters 
B)  organisms avoid investing heavily in unrelated others 
C)  the resident social group consists of 50 to 200 individuals 
D)  most members of the population engage in some form of altruism 
A)  organisms have mechanisms to detect and avoid cheaters 
B)  organisms avoid investing heavily in unrelated others 
C)  the resident social group consists of 50 to 200 individuals 
D)  most members of the population engage in some form of altruism

Question 11

The mere presence of ___________ is sufficient to increase the punishment of non-cooperators.

Accepted Answer

A)  one witness 
B)  a punishment cost 
C)  a hunting-related cue 
D)  high-tempo music 
A)  one witness 
B)  a punishment cost 
C)  a hunting-related cue 
D)  high-tempo music

Question 12

Social contract theory __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses on problems of reciprocal altruism but has a greater focus on kin relationships 
B)  was developed originally with chimpanzees but later applied to humans 
C)  was developed to explain cooperative exchange in humans with an emphasis on how humans have solved the adaptive problem of cheater detection 
D)  was developed to explain cooperative exchange in humans with an emphasis on how humans have solved the adaptive problem of alliance formation 
A)  focuses on problems of reciprocal altruism but has a greater focus on kin relationships 
B)  was developed originally with chimpanzees but later applied to humans 
C)  was developed to explain cooperative exchange in humans with an emphasis on how humans have solved the adaptive problem of cheater detection 
D)  was developed to explain cooperative exchange in humans with an emphasis on how humans have solved the adaptive problem of alliance formation

Question 13

Studies have documented that their participants pay more attention to, and better remember, faces of people who actually cheated in the past-even when the participant is unaware of whether the target individual cheated or not. This implies that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  people who cheat look different than people who cooperate 
B)  people who cheat are more attractive than people who cooperate 
C)  people have a difficult time discerning cheaters from cooperators when they are aware of whether the target cheated or not 
D)  people are afraid to consciously identify cheaters 
A)  people who cheat look different than people who cooperate 
B)  people who cheat are more attractive than people who cooperate 
C)  people have a difficult time discerning cheaters from cooperators when they are aware of whether the target cheated or not 
D)  people are afraid to consciously identify cheaters

Question 14

Which of the following has been identified as a potential facial cue to altruistic tendencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  eyebrow raises 
B)  large eyes 
C)  femininity 
D)  genuine smiles 
A)  eyebrow raises 
B)  large eyes 
C)  femininity 
D)  genuine smiles

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a means of promoting cooperation, as identified by Axelrod?

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarge the shadow of the future 
B)  teach reciprocity 
C)  respond quickly to provocation 
D)  insist on more than equity 
A)  enlarge the shadow of the future 
B)  teach reciprocity 
C)  respond quickly to provocation 
D)  insist on more than equity

Question 16

Cooperative coalitions are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  groups of three or more individuals with the purpose of increasing the reproductive success of all members of the group 
B)  alliances of more than two individuals for the purpose of collective action to achieve a particular goal 
C)  alliances that are long-lasting and are characterized by mutual engagements among members 
D)  a group of several individuals with the goal of cooperating to achieve one member's goal 
A)  groups of three or more individuals with the purpose of increasing the reproductive success of all members of the group 
B)  alliances of more than two individuals for the purpose of collective action to achieve a particular goal 
C)  alliances that are long-lasting and are characterized by mutual engagements among members 
D)  a group of several individuals with the goal of cooperating to achieve one member's goal

Question 17

Wilkinson discovered that vampire bats __________ regurgitate a portion of the blood they have sucked for ingestion by others.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not 
B)  non-randomly 
C)  selectively 
D) nNone of the above 
A)  do not 
B)  non-randomly 
C)  selectively 
D) nNone of the above

Question 18

Costly signaling refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  signals to potential social allies that you are a costly partner because you require a greater than average amount of reciprocation 
B)  an incapability of investment because the costs you incur exceed the benefits you are capable of bestowing 
C)  altruism that is not costly but yields a signal to others that he or she is willing to invest 
D)  altruism that is costly to the provider and thereby yields honest signals to others regarding one's quality as a coalitional ally 
A)  signals to potential social allies that you are a costly partner because you require a greater than average amount of reciprocation 
B)  an incapability of investment because the costs you incur exceed the benefits you are capable of bestowing 
C)  altruism that is not costly but yields a signal to others that he or she is willing to invest 
D)  altruism that is costly to the provider and thereby yields honest signals to others regarding one's quality as a coalitional ally

Question 19

If the Prisoner's Dilemma game is played only once, the best choice of action for a given player would be to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  defect 
B)  cooperate 
C)  tempt 
D)  behave altruistically 
A)  defect 
B)  cooperate 
C)  tempt 
D)  behave altruistically

Question 20

A "gain in trade" is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  The scenario in which each party receives more in future returns than it costs to deliver the benefit 
B)  A benefit given to a provider in exchange for a benefit received earlier 
C)  A benefit given to a person in exchange for an assumed repayment in the future 
D)  The scenario in which one person receives an immediate benefit 
A)  The scenario in which each party receives more in future returns than it costs to deliver the benefit 
B)  A benefit given to a provider in exchange for a benefit received earlier 
C)  A benefit given to a person in exchange for an assumed repayment in the future 
D)  The scenario in which one person receives an immediate benefit

Benefits of costly signaling include __________.

The social-exchange heuristic refers to __________.

A _ person is more vulnerable to desertion than is someone who is __.

People report _ when they help others in need without insisting on, or expecting, any future reward. Shackelford and Buss found that this can be interpreted as a _____.

The _____________ is a hypothetical situation in which two people are forced to weigh the costs and benefits of cooperation, temptations to defect, and punishment for mutual defection.

Over evolutionary time, will reproduce more than __.

In order for cooperative coalitions to emerge, individuals must be able to solve all of the following adaptive problems EXCEPT __________.

The tit for tat strategy involves __________.

The problem of altruism __________.

The only way reciprocal altruism can evolve is if __________.

The mere presence of ___________ is sufficient to increase the punishment of non-cooperators.

Social contract theory __________.

Studies have documented that their participants pay more attention to, and better remember, faces of people who actually cheated in the past-even when the participant is unaware of whether the target individual cheated or not. This implies that __________.

Which of the following has been identified as a potential facial cue to altruistic tendencies?

Which of the following is NOT a means of promoting cooperation, as identified by Axelrod?

Cooperative coalitions are __________.

Wilkinson discovered that vampire bats __________ regurgitate a portion of the blood they have sucked for ingestion by others.

Costly signaling refers to __________.

If the Prisoner's Dilemma game is played only once, the best choice of action for a given player would be to __________.

A "gain in trade" is __________.

The Scientific Movements Leading to Evolutionary Psychology

The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

Combating the Hostile Forces of Nature:

Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Mens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Short-Term Sexual Strategies

Problems of Parenting

Problems of Kinship

Aggression and Warfare

Conflict Between the Sexes

Status, Prestige, and Social Dominance

Toward a Unified Evolutionary Psychology

Filters

Exam 9: Cooperative Alliances

Benefits of costly signaling include __________.

The social-exchange heuristic refers to __________.

A ___________ person is more vulnerable to desertion than is someone who is ____________.

People report _________ when they help others in need without insisting on, or expecting, any future reward. Shackelford and Buss found that this can be interpreted as a _____________.

The _____________ is a hypothetical situation in which two people are forced to weigh the costs and benefits of cooperation, temptations to defect, and punishment for mutual defection.

Over evolutionary time, ________will reproduce more than __________.

In order for cooperative coalitions to emerge, individuals must be able to solve all of the following adaptive problems EXCEPT __________.

The tit for tat strategy involves __________.

The problem of altruism __________.

The only way reciprocal altruism can evolve is if __________.

The mere presence of ___________ is sufficient to increase the punishment of non-cooperators.

Social contract theory __________.

Studies have documented that their participants pay more attention to, and better remember, faces of people who actually cheated in the past-even when the participant is unaware of whether the target individual cheated or not. This implies that __________.

Which of the following has been identified as a potential facial cue to altruistic tendencies?

Which of the following is NOT a means of promoting cooperation, as identified by Axelrod?

Cooperative coalitions are __________.

Wilkinson discovered that vampire bats __________ regurgitate a portion of the blood they have sucked for ingestion by others.

Costly signaling refers to __________.

If the Prisoner's Dilemma game is played only once, the best choice of action for a given player would be to __________.

A "gain in trade" is __________.

The Scientific Movements Leading to Evolutionary Psychology

The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

Combating the Hostile Forces of Nature:

Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Mens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Short-Term Sexual Strategies

Problems of Parenting

Problems of Kinship

Aggression and Warfare

Conflict Between the Sexes

Status, Prestige, and Social Dominance

Toward a Unified Evolutionary Psychology

Filters

A _ person is more vulnerable to desertion than is someone who is __.

People report _ when they help others in need without insisting on, or expecting, any future reward. Shackelford and Buss found that this can be interpreted as a _____.

Over evolutionary time, will reproduce more than __.