Question 1

According to costly signaling theory, how does context affect our altruistic tendencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  When engaging in an altruistic act, we tend toward the least costly option regardless of context. 
B)  When behaving altruistically anonymously, we are more likely to choose a low-cost option. 
C)  In the presence of strangers, we do not behave altruistically. 
D)  When volunteering publically, we typically choose the least costly option. 
A)  When engaging in an altruistic act, we tend toward the least costly option regardless of context. 
B)  When behaving altruistically anonymously, we are more likely to choose a low-cost option. 
C)  In the presence of strangers, we do not behave altruistically. 
D)  When volunteering publically, we typically choose the least costly option. B

Question 2

Axelrod and Hamilton found that the best strategy in the Prisoner's Dilemma was __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the most unlikely strategy to succeed 
B)  the Tattle strategy 
C)  the simplest strategy devised 
D)  the most complex strategy devised 
A)  the most unlikely strategy to succeed 
B)  the Tattle strategy 
C)  the simplest strategy devised 
D)  the most complex strategy devised C

Question 3

Indirect reciprocity theory explains our tendency to behave altruistically __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  toward cousins and other distant relatives 
B)  in situations where both we and the target benefit from the act 
C)  when the target of our altruism cannot reciprocate 
D)  none of the above 
A)  toward cousins and other distant relatives 
B)  in situations where both we and the target benefit from the act 
C)  when the target of our altruism cannot reciprocate 
D)  none of the above C

Question 4

De Waal found that male chimpanzees often benefit from social alliances by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aligning themselves with lower-status males 
B)  exploiting changes in the structure of female hierarchies 
C)  being granted sexual access to females 
D)  creating social groups of eight or more 
A)  aligning themselves with lower-status males 
B)  exploiting changes in the structure of female hierarchies 
C)  being granted sexual access to females 
D)  creating social groups of eight or more

Question 5

What is the hypothesized process by which transmitted ideas, beliefs and values spread because of the competitive advantages they provide to groups holding them?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual selection 
B)  meme selection 
C)  cultural group selection 
D)  strong reciprocity 
A)  sexual selection 
B)  meme selection 
C)  cultural group selection 
D)  strong reciprocity

Question 6

Which of the following as been hypothesized to underlie the differences documented between how men and women approach same-sex friendships?

Accepted Answer

A)  women's tendency to mate exogamously 
B)  men's higher frequency of homosexuality 
C)  men's relatively higher paternal investment than other mammalian species 
D)  all of the above 
A)  women's tendency to mate exogamously 
B)  men's higher frequency of homosexuality 
C)  men's relatively higher paternal investment than other mammalian species 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

Bleske and Buss found that ________ evaluated the potential for sexual access to their opposite-sex friends as _________beneficial.

Accepted Answer

A)  men; more 
B)  women; more 
C)  both men and women; equally 
D)  both men and women; not 
A)  men; more 
B)  women; more 
C)  both men and women; equally 
D)  both men and women; not

Question 8

Which of the following was not a cognitive capacity that must have evolved to motivate forming social contracts and avoiding the threat of cheaters?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to recognize many different individuals 
B)  the ability to communicate one's values to others 
C)  the ability to model the values of others 
D)  the ability to remember all aspects of the histories of interactions with different individuals 
A)  the ability to recognize many different individuals 
B)  the ability to communicate one's values to others 
C)  the ability to model the values of others 
D)  the ability to remember all aspects of the histories of interactions with different individuals

Question 9

Among the Shuar in Ecuador, punishment is especially harsh toward in-group members who ______________________-even more than toward out-group members.

Accepted Answer

A)  flaunted their cooperation 
B)  cooperated the most 
C)  were unable to cooperate 
D)  did not cooperate when they could 
A)  flaunted their cooperation 
B)  cooperated the most 
C)  were unable to cooperate 
D)  did not cooperate when they could

Question 10

The Wason selection task and modifications of it suggest that humans are good at ___________ but poor at ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  detecting cheaters in social exchange, abstract problems 
B)  detecting social status, determining the source of others' social status 
C)  estimating reproductive value, estimating mate value 
D)  reciprocal altruism, social exchange 
A)  detecting cheaters in social exchange, abstract problems 
B)  detecting social status, determining the source of others' social status 
C)  estimating reproductive value, estimating mate value 
D)  reciprocal altruism, social exchange

Question 11

In which ways is the Prisoner's Dilemma artificial compared to everyday life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Partners can opt out of the game; each partner knows in advance the strategy of the other. 
B)  Partners possess equal power to punish and reward; partners cannot communicate with one another. 
C)  Each partner knows in advance the strategy of the other; partners possess equal power to punish and reward. 
D)  Partners cannot communicate with one another; partners can opt out of the game . 
A)  Partners can opt out of the game; each partner knows in advance the strategy of the other. 
B)  Partners possess equal power to punish and reward; partners cannot communicate with one another. 
C)  Each partner knows in advance the strategy of the other; partners possess equal power to punish and reward. 
D)  Partners cannot communicate with one another; partners can opt out of the game .

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of our cognitive mechanisms related to cheater detection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Being primed with thoughts of an experience in which one was cheated causes individuals to detect cheaters more effectively. 
B)  People show heightened memory for cheaters, but this does not result in behavioral changes during economic games. 
C)  People show enhanced source memory for cheaters' faces. 
D)  People remember the faces of low-status cheaters better than the faces of cooperators. 
A)  Being primed with thoughts of an experience in which one was cheated causes individuals to detect cheaters more effectively. 
B)  People show heightened memory for cheaters, but this does not result in behavioral changes during economic games. 
C)  People show enhanced source memory for cheaters' faces. 
D)  People remember the faces of low-status cheaters better than the faces of cooperators.

Question 13

Memory for cheaters may be heightened because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  of their rarity in the population 
B)  they tend to be young women 
C)  they tend to be young men 
D)  the ability to cheat and get away with it is an attractive quality in a mate 
A)  of their rarity in the population 
B)  they tend to be young women 
C)  they tend to be young men 
D)  the ability to cheat and get away with it is an attractive quality in a mate

Question 14

Which of the following has been demonstrated about punitive sentiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observing an unfair game player receiving physical pain activates the brain's reward centers. 
B)  People who do the punishing and remain anonymous to the person being punished tend to punish cooperators more often. 
C)  The reward centers in women's brains tend to show higher activation levels in response to witnessing punishment than the reward centers in men's brains. 
D)  Younger men tend to punish female non-cooperators more than older men. 
A)  Observing an unfair game player receiving physical pain activates the brain's reward centers. 
B)  People who do the punishing and remain anonymous to the person being punished tend to punish cooperators more often. 
C)  The reward centers in women's brains tend to show higher activation levels in response to witnessing punishment than the reward centers in men's brains. 
D)  Younger men tend to punish female non-cooperators more than older men.

Question 15

Friendship niches refer to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the adaptive problem of determining what characteristics one must obtain to occupy a specific niche 
B)  the adaptive problem of deciding how many friends occupy different niches and terminating as friends those that occupy more than one slot 
C)  the adaptive problem of deciding how many slots are available in the group 
D)  the adaptive problem of deciding who will fill limited friendship slots 
A)  the adaptive problem of determining what characteristics one must obtain to occupy a specific niche 
B)  the adaptive problem of deciding how many friends occupy different niches and terminating as friends those that occupy more than one slot 
C)  the adaptive problem of deciding how many slots are available in the group 
D)  the adaptive problem of deciding who will fill limited friendship slots

Question 16

One of the most important adaptive problems for the altruist is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ensuring that the costs incurred could not be used more effectively elsewhere 
B)  ensuring that benefits bestowed will be returned in the future 
C)  ensuring that benefits bestowed might be returned in the future 
D)  ensuring that the costs incurred do not exceed the benefits that may be received in the future 
A)  ensuring that the costs incurred could not be used more effectively elsewhere 
B)  ensuring that benefits bestowed will be returned in the future 
C)  ensuring that benefits bestowed might be returned in the future 
D)  ensuring that the costs incurred do not exceed the benefits that may be received in the future

Question 17

Which of the following group members should feel most threatened by a new male group member who is very attractive and exceptionally good at telling jokes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the engineer 
B)  the girl next door 
C)  the alpha male 
D)  the class clown 
A)  the engineer 
B)  the girl next door 
C)  the alpha male 
D)  the class clown

Question 18

Price found that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  previous or current involvement in the military was the best predictor of punitive sentiments towards participation in a cooperative coalition 
B)  defection from groups is a greater adaptive problem than free riding 
C)  the best predictor of punitive sentiments was the degree of a person's own participation in a cooperative coalition 
D)  the less a person was willing to participate in an activity, the more that person wanted to punish those who could have participated but refused to do so 
A)  previous or current involvement in the military was the best predictor of punitive sentiments towards participation in a cooperative coalition 
B)  defection from groups is a greater adaptive problem than free riding 
C)  the best predictor of punitive sentiments was the degree of a person's own participation in a cooperative coalition 
D)  the less a person was willing to participate in an activity, the more that person wanted to punish those who could have participated but refused to do so

Question 19

According to the alliance hypothesis, which of the following would be the most valuable friend?

Accepted Answer

A)  the highest-ranking individual in the social hierarchy 
B)  the lowest-ranking individual in the social hierarchy 
C)  an individual who highly values you as a friend 
D)  your most attractive same-sex peer 
A)  the highest-ranking individual in the social hierarchy 
B)  the lowest-ranking individual in the social hierarchy 
C)  an individual who highly values you as a friend 
D)  your most attractive same-sex peer

Question 20

Successful performance on cheater detection tasks is _______________ successful performance on altruist detection tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  not linked to 
B)  greater than 
C)  less than 
D)  the same as 
A)  not linked to 
B)  greater than 
C)  less than 
D)  the same as

According to costly signaling theory, how does context affect our altruistic tendencies?

Axelrod and Hamilton found that the best strategy in the Prisoner's Dilemma was __________.

Indirect reciprocity theory explains our tendency to behave altruistically __________.

De Waal found that male chimpanzees often benefit from social alliances by ________________.

What is the hypothesized process by which transmitted ideas, beliefs and values spread because of the competitive advantages they provide to groups holding them?

Which of the following as been hypothesized to underlie the differences documented between how men and women approach same-sex friendships?

Bleske and Buss found that evaluated the potential for sexual access to their opposite-sex friends as _beneficial.

Which of the following was not a cognitive capacity that must have evolved to motivate forming social contracts and avoiding the threat of cheaters?

Among the Shuar in Ecuador, punishment is especially harsh toward in-group members who ______________________-even more than toward out-group members.

The Wason selection task and modifications of it suggest that humans are good at _ but poor at __.

In which ways is the Prisoner's Dilemma artificial compared to everyday life?

Which of the following is NOT true of our cognitive mechanisms related to cheater detection?

Memory for cheaters may be heightened because __________.

Which of the following has been demonstrated about punitive sentiments?

Friendship niches refer to __________.

One of the most important adaptive problems for the altruist is __________.

Which of the following group members should feel most threatened by a new male group member who is very attractive and exceptionally good at telling jokes?

Price found that __________.

According to the alliance hypothesis, which of the following would be the most valuable friend?

Successful performance on cheater detection tasks is _______________ successful performance on altruist detection tasks.

The Scientific Movements Leading to Evolutionary Psychology

The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

Combating the Hostile Forces of Nature:

Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Mens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Short-Term Sexual Strategies

Problems of Parenting

Problems of Kinship

Aggression and Warfare

Conflict Between the Sexes

Status, Prestige, and Social Dominance

Toward a Unified Evolutionary Psychology

Filters

Exam 9: Cooperative Alliances

According to costly signaling theory, how does context affect our altruistic tendencies?

Axelrod and Hamilton found that the best strategy in the Prisoner's Dilemma was __________.

Indirect reciprocity theory explains our tendency to behave altruistically __________.

De Waal found that male chimpanzees often benefit from social alliances by ________________.

What is the hypothesized process by which transmitted ideas, beliefs and values spread because of the competitive advantages they provide to groups holding them?

Which of the following as been hypothesized to underlie the differences documented between how men and women approach same-sex friendships?

Bleske and Buss found that ________ evaluated the potential for sexual access to their opposite-sex friends as _________beneficial.

Which of the following was not a cognitive capacity that must have evolved to motivate forming social contracts and avoiding the threat of cheaters?

Among the Shuar in Ecuador, punishment is especially harsh toward in-group members who ______________________-even more than toward out-group members.

The Wason selection task and modifications of it suggest that humans are good at ___________ but poor at ____________.

In which ways is the Prisoner's Dilemma artificial compared to everyday life?

Which of the following is NOT true of our cognitive mechanisms related to cheater detection?

Memory for cheaters may be heightened because __________.

Which of the following has been demonstrated about punitive sentiments?

Friendship niches refer to __________.

One of the most important adaptive problems for the altruist is __________.

Which of the following group members should feel most threatened by a new male group member who is very attractive and exceptionally good at telling jokes?

Price found that __________.

According to the alliance hypothesis, which of the following would be the most valuable friend?

Successful performance on cheater detection tasks is _______________ successful performance on altruist detection tasks.

The Scientific Movements Leading to Evolutionary Psychology

The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

Combating the Hostile Forces of Nature:

Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Mens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Short-Term Sexual Strategies

Problems of Parenting

Problems of Kinship

Aggression and Warfare

Conflict Between the Sexes

Status, Prestige, and Social Dominance

Toward a Unified Evolutionary Psychology

Filters

Bleske and Buss found that evaluated the potential for sexual access to their opposite-sex friends as _beneficial.

The Wason selection task and modifications of it suggest that humans are good at _ but poor at __.