Question 1

The input to an evolved psychological mechanism __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can be cues in the external environment or output from other psychological mechanisms 
B)  is transformed through decision rules 
C)  is extremely narrow and limited in scope 
D)  all of the above 
A)  can be cues in the external environment or output from other psychological mechanisms 
B)  is transformed through decision rules 
C)  is extremely narrow and limited in scope 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

Are learning and evolved psychological mechanisms mutually exclusive explanations of human behavior, and why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because evolved psychological mechanisms are reflexes and do not require input from the environment, unlike learning. 
B)  Yes, because learning overrides our evolved psychological mechanisms. 
C)  No, because evolved psychological mechanisms are learned during development. 
D)  No, because learning requires the presence of evolved psychological mechanisms to occur. 
A)  Yes, because evolved psychological mechanisms are reflexes and do not require input from the environment, unlike learning. 
B)  Yes, because learning overrides our evolved psychological mechanisms. 
C)  No, because evolved psychological mechanisms are learned during development. 
D)  No, because learning requires the presence of evolved psychological mechanisms to occur.

Question 3

Which of the following theories is the only known scientific theory that can explain adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A)  seeding theory 
B)  evolution by natural selection 
C)  inclusive fitness theory 
D)  creationism 
A)  seeding theory 
B)  evolution by natural selection 
C)  inclusive fitness theory 
D)  creationism

Question 4

Recent studies in molecular genetics have revealed that the 7R allele of the DRD4 gene has been linked to extraversion and novelty-seeking. Evolutionary psychologists hypothesized that such traits would have been adaptive in exploiting novel environments. Which of the following results was documented that supported this prediction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 7R allele is more common among nomadic populations than sedentary populations. 
B)  Easterners are more likely to possess the 7R allele than Westerners. 
C)  Women are more likely to possess the 7R allele than men. 
D)  The 7R allele is only expressed in childhood but not adulthood. 
A)  The 7R allele is more common among nomadic populations than sedentary populations. 
B)  Easterners are more likely to possess the 7R allele than Westerners. 
C)  Women are more likely to possess the 7R allele than men. 
D)  The 7R allele is only expressed in childhood but not adulthood.

Question 5

Cross-cultural studies can be used to test evolutionary hypotheses in each of the following ways EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to determine whether a trait was created by culture or evolution 
B)  to test whether ecologically dependent adaptations produce predicted differences across cultures 
C)  to compare the explanatory efficacy of competing evolutionary theories for a given phenomenon 
D)  to determine whether an adaptation hypothesized to be universal is present in all humans 
A)  to determine whether a trait was created by culture or evolution 
B)  to test whether ecologically dependent adaptations produce predicted differences across cultures 
C)  to compare the explanatory efficacy of competing evolutionary theories for a given phenomenon 
D)  to determine whether an adaptation hypothesized to be universal is present in all humans

Question 6

Adaptive problems are challenges that must be overcome for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  survival of the fittest 
B)  continuation of the species 
C)  reproduction or aid in reproduction 
D)  self-actualization 
A)  survival of the fittest 
B)  continuation of the species 
C)  reproduction or aid in reproduction 
D)  self-actualization

Question 7

The __________ an organism invests in parenting, the __________ it has to lose by making a bad mate choice.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; more 
B)  less; more 
C)  first time; less 
D)  more; less 
A)  more; more 
B)  less; more 
C)  first time; less 
D)  more; less

Question 8

Which of the following is a limitation of brain imaging techniques for measuring psychological variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  They currently cannot be used to test predictions from an evolutionary perspective. 
B)  They cannot measure differences within participants, only between groups. 
C)  Participants must remain immobile when they are exposed to stimuli. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  They currently cannot be used to test predictions from an evolutionary perspective. 
B)  They cannot measure differences within participants, only between groups. 
C)  Participants must remain immobile when they are exposed to stimuli. 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

Domain-general mechanisms can be characterized by all of the following statements except __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they are difficult to identify because there are no domain-general problems 
B)  the study of domain-generality has not been as fruitful an avenue of scientific pursuit as domain-specificity 
C)  they do not exist 
D)  several domain-specific mechanisms working together may appear to be domain-general 
A)  they are difficult to identify because there are no domain-general problems 
B)  the study of domain-generality has not been as fruitful an avenue of scientific pursuit as domain-specificity 
C)  they do not exist 
D)  several domain-specific mechanisms working together may appear to be domain-general

Question 10

Men prefer a(n) ____________ waist-to-hip ratio than women do.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal 
B)  smaller 
C)  larger 
D)  more masculine 
A)  equal 
B)  smaller 
C)  larger 
D)  more masculine

Question 11

General evolutionary theory would be proven false if which of the following facts were uncovered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men and women do not differ in the affection they report towards their partners. 
B)  Adaptations emerged in time periods too short for natural selection to have operated. 
C)  Lamarck's theory about acquired characteristics was found to be true. 
D)  Humans had group-level adaptations. 
A)  Men and women do not differ in the affection they report towards their partners. 
B)  Adaptations emerged in time periods too short for natural selection to have operated. 
C)  Lamarck's theory about acquired characteristics was found to be true. 
D)  Humans had group-level adaptations.

Question 12

Adaptations initially start as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  other adaptations 
B)  genetic mutations 
C)  byproducts 
D)  noise 
A)  other adaptations 
B)  genetic mutations 
C)  byproducts 
D)  noise

Question 13

All of the following hypotheses can be generated based on women's preference for men with high status except __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  women will value qualities known to be linked with the acquisition of resources 
B)  women will gaze more at higher-status males 
C)  women will be interested in sexual intercourse earlier in the relationship when the male is of higher status 
D)  women will be less likely to divorce husbands who fail to provide resources 
A)  women will value qualities known to be linked with the acquisition of resources 
B)  women will gaze more at higher-status males 
C)  women will be interested in sexual intercourse earlier in the relationship when the male is of higher status 
D)  women will be less likely to divorce husbands who fail to provide resources

Question 14

The first step in the top-down strategy of testing hypotheses is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  test predictions based on the hypothesis 
B)  develop a hypothesis about adaptive function based on a known observation 
C)  derive a hypothesis from existing theory 
D)  evaluate whether empirical results confirm predictions 
A)  test predictions based on the hypothesis 
B)  develop a hypothesis about adaptive function based on a known observation 
C)  derive a hypothesis from existing theory 
D)  evaluate whether empirical results confirm predictions

Question 15

A task analysis posits which of the following questions:

Accepted Answer

A)  For this structure to occur, what cognitive and behavioral tasks must be solved? 
B)  What tasks must be present for an adaptation to operate? 
C)  Why do certain tasks elicit vastly different behaviors? 
D)  What is the general task that all psychological mechanisms serve? 
A)  For this structure to occur, what cognitive and behavioral tasks must be solved? 
B)  What tasks must be present for an adaptation to operate? 
C)  Why do certain tasks elicit vastly different behaviors? 
D)  What is the general task that all psychological mechanisms serve?

Question 16

What is the first level of analysis in evolutionary psychology and evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of parental investment 
B)  theory of reciprocal altruism 
C)  inclusive fitness theory 
D)  theory of parent-offspring conflict 
A)  theory of parental investment 
B)  theory of reciprocal altruism 
C)  inclusive fitness theory 
D)  theory of parent-offspring conflict

Question 17

Time periods associated with environments of evolutionary adaptedness are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  invariable 
B)  specific to a time and place 
C)  not unique to each adaptation 
D)  unique to each adaptation 
A)  invariable 
B)  specific to a time and place 
C)  not unique to each adaptation 
D)  unique to each adaptation

Question 18

Modern molecular genetics methods have been used to increase our knowledge of recent human evolution in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  to show that selection in humans has been accelerating over the past 10,000 years 
B)  to identify the genes responsible for lactose intolerance 
C)  to compare competing theories for the timeline of human origins out of Africa 
D)  all of the above 
A)  to show that selection in humans has been accelerating over the past 10,000 years 
B)  to identify the genes responsible for lactose intolerance 
C)  to compare competing theories for the timeline of human origins out of Africa 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

Five characteristics of an adaptation include __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  function, efficiency, economy, precision, and reliability 
B)  mutation, byproducts, economy, genetic drift, and function 
C)  mutation, efficiency, reliability, function, and economy 
D)  function, efficiency, economy, inclusive fitness, and optimality 
A)  function, efficiency, economy, precision, and reliability 
B)  mutation, byproducts, economy, genetic drift, and function 
C)  mutation, efficiency, reliability, function, and economy 
D)  function, efficiency, economy, inclusive fitness, and optimality

Question 20

Behavioral genetics methods can test the evolutionary hypothesis that girls growing up without an investing father shift to earlier onset of menarche and sexual behavior. Which of the following behavioral genetics findings would refute this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identical twin sisters raised together enter menarche at the same age, but identical twin sisters raised apart show less similar onset ages for menarche. 
B)  The environmental component of menarche onset is larger than the genetic component. 
C)  The genetic component of menarche onset is larger than the environmental component. 
D)  Age of onset of menarche is not correlated between girls and their biological mothers. 
A)  Identical twin sisters raised together enter menarche at the same age, but identical twin sisters raised apart show less similar onset ages for menarche. 
B)  The environmental component of menarche onset is larger than the genetic component. 
C)  The genetic component of menarche onset is larger than the environmental component. 
D)  Age of onset of menarche is not correlated between girls and their biological mothers.

The input to an evolved psychological mechanism __________.

Are learning and evolved psychological mechanisms mutually exclusive explanations of human behavior, and why or why not?

Which of the following theories is the only known scientific theory that can explain adaptations?

Cross-cultural studies can be used to test evolutionary hypotheses in each of the following ways EXCEPT __________.

Adaptive problems are challenges that must be overcome for __________.

The an organism invests in parenting, the it has to lose by making a bad mate choice.

Which of the following is a limitation of brain imaging techniques for measuring psychological variables?

Domain-general mechanisms can be characterized by all of the following statements except __________.

Men prefer a(n) ____________ waist-to-hip ratio than women do.

General evolutionary theory would be proven false if which of the following facts were uncovered?

Adaptations initially start as __________.

All of the following hypotheses can be generated based on women's preference for men with high status except __________.

The first step in the top-down strategy of testing hypotheses is __________.

A task analysis posits which of the following questions:

What is the first level of analysis in evolutionary psychology and evolutionary biology?

Time periods associated with environments of evolutionary adaptedness are __________.

Modern molecular genetics methods have been used to increase our knowledge of recent human evolution in which of the following ways?

Five characteristics of an adaptation include __________.

Behavioral genetics methods can test the evolutionary hypothesis that girls growing up without an investing father shift to earlier onset of menarche and sexual behavior. Which of the following behavioral genetics findings would refute this hypothesis?

The Scientific Movements Leading to Evolutionary Psychology

Combating the Hostile Forces of Nature:

Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Mens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Short-Term Sexual Strategies

Problems of Parenting

Problems of Kinship

Cooperative Alliances

Aggression and Warfare

Conflict Between the Sexes

Status, Prestige, and Social Dominance

Toward a Unified Evolutionary Psychology

Filters

Exam 2: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

The input to an evolved psychological mechanism __________.

Are learning and evolved psychological mechanisms mutually exclusive explanations of human behavior, and why or why not?

Which of the following theories is the only known scientific theory that can explain adaptations?

Cross-cultural studies can be used to test evolutionary hypotheses in each of the following ways EXCEPT __________.

Adaptive problems are challenges that must be overcome for __________.

The __________ an organism invests in parenting, the __________ it has to lose by making a bad mate choice.

Which of the following is a limitation of brain imaging techniques for measuring psychological variables?

Domain-general mechanisms can be characterized by all of the following statements except __________.

Men prefer a(n) ____________ waist-to-hip ratio than women do.

General evolutionary theory would be proven false if which of the following facts were uncovered?

Adaptations initially start as __________.

All of the following hypotheses can be generated based on women's preference for men with high status except __________.

The first step in the top-down strategy of testing hypotheses is __________.

A task analysis posits which of the following questions:

What is the first level of analysis in evolutionary psychology and evolutionary biology?

Time periods associated with environments of evolutionary adaptedness are __________.

Modern molecular genetics methods have been used to increase our knowledge of recent human evolution in which of the following ways?

Five characteristics of an adaptation include __________.

Behavioral genetics methods can test the evolutionary hypothesis that girls growing up without an investing father shift to earlier onset of menarche and sexual behavior. Which of the following behavioral genetics findings would refute this hypothesis?

The Scientific Movements Leading to Evolutionary Psychology

Combating the Hostile Forces of Nature:

Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Mens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Short-Term Sexual Strategies

Problems of Parenting

Problems of Kinship

Cooperative Alliances

Aggression and Warfare

Conflict Between the Sexes

Status, Prestige, and Social Dominance

Toward a Unified Evolutionary Psychology

Filters

The an organism invests in parenting, the it has to lose by making a bad mate choice.