Question 1

The branch of medicine that investigates the occurrence and distribution of diseases is

Accepted Answer

A) gene therapy. 
B) pathology. 
C) physiology. 
D) immunology. 
E) epidemiology. 
A) gene therapy. 
B) pathology. 
C) physiology. 
D) immunology. 
E) epidemiology.

Question 2

Which of the following viruses has NOT been determined to be associated with a particular type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) human papilloma virus 
B) hepatitis B virus 
C) hepatitis C virus 
D) Mimivirus 
E) Epstein- Barr virus 
A) human papilloma virus 
B) hepatitis B virus 
C) hepatitis C virus 
D) Mimivirus 
E) Epstein- Barr virus

Question 3

A new compound developed in the lab was tested as a DNA mutagen. When the Ames test was performed, the results were numerous bacterial colonies following exposure. This result means

Accepted Answer

A) the chemical is safe. 
B) the chemical can be moved to human trials. 
C) the chemical is radioactive. 
D) the chemical is a carcinogen and a low- mutagen. 
E) the chemical is a mutagen and may also be a carcinogen. 
A) the chemical is safe. 
B) the chemical can be moved to human trials. 
C) the chemical is radioactive. 
D) the chemical is a carcinogen and a low- mutagen. 
E) the chemical is a mutagen and may also be a carcinogen.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby proto- oncogenes are converted to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) deletion 
B) point mutation 
C) gene amplification 
D) silent mutation 
E) translocation 
A) deletion 
B) point mutation 
C) gene amplification 
D) silent mutation 
E) translocation

Question 5

Most cancers are

Accepted Answer

A) environmentally triggered. 
B) the result of life style. 
C) viral infections. 
D) inherited. 
E) both A and B 
A) environmentally triggered. 
B) the result of life style. 
C) viral infections. 
D) inherited. 
E) both A and B

Question 6

The difference between benign and malignant tumors is

Accepted Answer

A) malignant tumors are adherent. 
B) benign tumors have not spread to other sites. 
C) benign tumors do not stimulate angiogenesis. 
D) benign tumors are cancers, malignant tumors are not. 
E) benign tumors have not lost growth control. 
A) malignant tumors are adherent. 
B) benign tumors have not spread to other sites. 
C) benign tumors do not stimulate angiogenesis. 
D) benign tumors are cancers, malignant tumors are not. 
E) benign tumors have not lost growth control.

Question 7

Which of the following is FALSE with regard to cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Growth is not stopped by high levels of DNA damage. 
B) Most cancer cells die in G1 phase. 
C) The cell cycle is disrupted. 
D) The apoptosis pathway is blocked. 
E) Growth is not regulated by growth factors. 
A) Growth is not stopped by high levels of DNA damage. 
B) Most cancer cells die in G1 phase. 
C) The cell cycle is disrupted. 
D) The apoptosis pathway is blocked. 
E) Growth is not regulated by growth factors.

Question 8

Using polyethylene glycol, a cancer cell and a normal cell are fused. The resulting hybrid behaves like a normal cell. The best reason for this observation is the

Accepted Answer

A) presence of tumor suppressor genes and gene products. 
B) recombination between cancer and normal chromosomes. 
C) removal of environmental triggers. 
D) exposure to polyethylene glycol. 
E) both A and C 
A) presence of tumor suppressor genes and gene products. 
B) recombination between cancer and normal chromosomes. 
C) removal of environmental triggers. 
D) exposure to polyethylene glycol. 
E) both A and C

Question 9

In some forms of breast cancer, estrogen is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) initiator. 
B) mutagen. 
C) promoter. 
D) progressor. 
E) inhibitor. 
A) initiator. 
B) mutagen. 
C) promoter. 
D) progressor. 
E) inhibitor.

Question 10

With regard to cancer cells in the process of metastasis to secondary sites, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) If they enter via lymphatics, cancer cells may multiply in regional lymph nodes. 
B) Many cells from the primary mass may enter circulation. 
C) The population of cancer cells is heterogeneous. 
D) Very few cancer cells survive the bloodstream. 
E) The population of cancer cells in the bloodstream is monoclonal. 
A) If they enter via lymphatics, cancer cells may multiply in regional lymph nodes. 
B) Many cells from the primary mass may enter circulation. 
C) The population of cancer cells is heterogeneous. 
D) Very few cancer cells survive the bloodstream. 
E) The population of cancer cells in the bloodstream is monoclonal.

Question 11

are cancers that originate in epithelial cells and comprise 90% of all cancers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of are cancers that originate in epithelial cells...

Question 12

Promotion phase of carcinogenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic oxidation by a P450 cytochrome 
B) enhanced levels or exposures to a carcinogen 
C) precancerous cell progression to a cancerous cell 
D) normal cell progression to a precancerous cell 
E) amount of DNA damage in a cell 
A) metabolic oxidation by a P450 cytochrome 
B) enhanced levels or exposures to a carcinogen 
C) precancerous cell progression to a cancerous cell 
D) normal cell progression to a precancerous cell 
E) amount of DNA damage in a cell

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a category for the gene product for an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolytic enzyme 
B) growth factor 
C) growth factor receptor 
D) transcription factor 
E) nonreceptor protein kinase 
A) glycolytic enzyme 
B) growth factor 
C) growth factor receptor 
D) transcription factor 
E) nonreceptor protein kinase

Question 14

The most frequently encountered category of cancer is

Accepted Answer

A) leukemia. 
B) lymphoma. 
C) sarcoma. 
D) carcinoma. 
E) both C and D 
A) leukemia. 
B) lymphoma. 
C) sarcoma. 
D) carcinoma. 
E) both C and D

Question 15

A cell that has lost its capacity to grow in vitro as a monolayer is now

Accepted Answer

A) anchorage- independent. 
B) free- ranging. 
C) benign. 
D) malignant. 
E) transformed. 
A) anchorage- independent. 
B) free- ranging. 
C) benign. 
D) malignant. 
E) transformed.

Question 16

An is the result of an alteration of gene expression rather than a mutation of a gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An is the result of an alteration...

Question 17

The first documentation of a viral infection causing oncogenesis was established with

Accepted Answer

A) hepatitis B in liver cancer. 
B) human papilloma virus in cervical cancer. 
C) HIV in humans. 
D) Rous sarcoma virus in chickens. 
E) Epstein- Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma. 
A) hepatitis B in liver cancer. 
B) human papilloma virus in cervical cancer. 
C) HIV in humans. 
D) Rous sarcoma virus in chickens. 
E) Epstein- Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Exam 24: Cancer Cells

The branch of medicine that investigates the occurrence and distribution of diseases is

Which of the following viruses has NOT been determined to be associated with a particular type of cancer?

A new compound developed in the lab was tested as a DNA mutagen. When the Ames test was performed, the results were numerous bacterial colonies following exposure. This result means

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby proto- oncogenes are converted to oncogenes?

Most cancers are

The difference between benign and malignant tumors is

Which of the following is FALSE with regard to cancer cells?

Using polyethylene glycol, a cancer cell and a normal cell are fused. The resulting hybrid behaves like a normal cell. The best reason for this observation is the

In some forms of breast cancer, estrogen is a(n)

With regard to cancer cells in the process of metastasis to secondary sites, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

are cancers that originate in epithelial cells and comprise 90% of all cancers.

Promotion phase of carcinogenesis refers to

Which of the following is NOT a category for the gene product for an oncogene?

The most frequently encountered category of cancer is

A cell that has lost its capacity to grow in vitro as a monolayer is now

An is the result of an alteration of gene expression rather than a mutation of a gene.

The first documentation of a viral infection causing oncogenesis was established with

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: I the Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

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