Question 1

The is the link between glycolysis in muscle cells and gluconeogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Cori cycle

Question 2

The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is , whereas the net output of ATP is .

Accepted Answer

A) 2; 1 
B) 4; 2 
C) 2; 4 
D) 4; 1 
E) 6; 4 
A) 2; 1 
B) 4; 2 
C) 2; 4 
D) 4; 1 
E) 6; 4 B

Question 3

During the first phase of glycolysis, ATP is used to form what type of bond with glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) substrate- level phosphorylation 
B) hydrogenation 
C) phosphoanhydride 
D) phosphoester 
E) dehydrogenation 
A) substrate- level phosphorylation 
B) hydrogenation 
C) phosphoanhydride 
D) phosphoester 
E) dehydrogenation D

Question 4

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n)reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) synthesis 
B) anabolic 
C) aerobic 
D) catabolic 
E) amphibolic 
A) synthesis 
B) anabolic 
C) aerobic 
D) catabolic 
E) amphibolic

Question 5

An energy- liberating pathway is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic. 
B) anabolic. 
C) hydrogenation. 
D) catabolic. 
E) all of the above 
A) metabolic. 
B) anabolic. 
C) hydrogenation. 
D) catabolic. 
E) all of the above

Question 6

The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by

Accepted Answer

A) relative hydration. 
B) charge repulsion. 
C) resonance hybridization. 
D) dehydrogenation. 
E) all of the above 
A) relative hydration. 
B) charge repulsion. 
C) resonance hybridization. 
D) dehydrogenation. 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Pyruvate is the end- product of glycolysis. Many organisms, such as anaerobic bacteria, can only produce energy by glycolysis; therefore, pyruvate has no more potential for ATP generation for these organisms. Rather than simply excrete pyruvate, this molecule is changed to another molecule such as lactate. In these organisms, why is pyruvate changed to lactate and excreted, rather than simply excreted?

Accepted Answer

A) Pyruvate export requires more energy than lactate. 
B) Electrons (and protons)are added to pyruvate to make lactate. 
C) NAD+ is regenerated as pyruvate is changed to lactate. 
D) Substrate level phosphorylation changes pyruvate to lactate. 
E) both B and C 
A) Pyruvate export requires more energy than lactate. 
B) Electrons (and protons)are added to pyruvate to make lactate. 
C) NAD+ is regenerated as pyruvate is changed to lactate. 
D) Substrate level phosphorylation changes pyruvate to lactate. 
E) both B and C

Question 8

During strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid. 
B) ADP is accumulating, which produces a burning sensation. 
C) Pyruvic acid causes muscle pain. 
D) Proteins are being digested to provide energy. 
E) Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle and changing the pH. 
A) Without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid. 
B) ADP is accumulating, which produces a burning sensation. 
C) Pyruvic acid causes muscle pain. 
D) Proteins are being digested to provide energy. 
E) Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle and changing the pH.

Question 9

Which glycolytic enzyme uses ATP as a substrate?

Accepted Answer

A) aldolase 
B) triose phosphate isomerase 
C) alcohol dehydrogenase 
D) hexokinase 
E) phosphoglucoisomerase 
A) aldolase 
B) triose phosphate isomerase 
C) alcohol dehydrogenase 
D) hexokinase 
E) phosphoglucoisomerase

Question 10

Oxygen is toxic to

Accepted Answer

A) aerotolerant organisms. 
B) strict aerobes. 
C) strict anaerobes. 
D) facultative anaerobes. 
E) all of the above 
A) aerotolerant organisms. 
B) strict aerobes. 
C) strict anaerobes. 
D) facultative anaerobes. 
E) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) fructose- 2,6- bisphosphate 
B) acetyl CoA 
C) citrate 
D) ATP 
E) glucose- 6- phosphate 
A) fructose- 2,6- bisphosphate 
B) acetyl CoA 
C) citrate 
D) ATP 
E) glucose- 6- phosphate

Question 12

The enzyme used to break down fructose- 1,6- bisphosphate into two trioses is called

Accepted Answer

A) aldolase. 
B) triose phosphate isomerase. 
C) hexokinase. 
D) enolase. 
E) phosphoglucoisomerase. 
A) aldolase. 
B) triose phosphate isomerase. 
C) hexokinase. 
D) enolase. 
E) phosphoglucoisomerase.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a fermentation product?

Accepted Answer

A) propionate 
B) ethanol 
C) dihydroxyacetone 
D) butyrate 
E) lactate 
A) propionate 
B) ethanol 
C) dihydroxyacetone 
D) butyrate 
E) lactate

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH is used primarily in substrate- level phosphorylation. 
B) NAD+ is used to carry electrons. 
C) NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis. 
D) NADH is used to produce energy by directly creating the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP. 
E) all of the above 
A) NADH is used primarily in substrate- level phosphorylation. 
B) NAD+ is used to carry electrons. 
C) NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis. 
D) NADH is used to produce energy by directly creating the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP. 
E) all of the above

Question 15

At which enzymatic step of glycolysis is water a product?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 10 
C) 5 
D) 9 
E) 3 
A) 6 
B) 10 
C) 5 
D) 9 
E) 3

Question 16

Oxidation in biological systems is usually accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A) repulsion. 
B) hydrogenation. 
C) resonance stabilization. 
D) dehydrogenation. 
E) all of the above 
A) repulsion. 
B) hydrogenation. 
C) resonance stabilization. 
D) dehydrogenation. 
E) all of the above

Question 17

The three reasons that phosphoanhydride bonds are so exergonic are: , _ _, and .

Accepted Answer

charge repulsion; re

Question 18

Reduction is defined as the addition of . In biological systems, these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called .

Accepted Answer

electrons;

Question 19

Both the phosphorylation of intermediates and the formation of ATP in glycolysis are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) product- level phosphorylation. 
B) substrate- level phosphorylation. 
C) anabolic phosphorylation. 
D) aerobic phosphorylation. 
E) oxidative phosphorylation. 
A) product- level phosphorylation. 
B) substrate- level phosphorylation. 
C) anabolic phosphorylation. 
D) aerobic phosphorylation. 
E) oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 20

In glycolysis, which of the following molecules is oxidized to form 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose- 6- phosphate 
B) glucose 
C) 2- phosphoglycerate 
D) glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate 
E) 3- phosphoglycerate 
A) glucose- 6- phosphate 
B) glucose 
C) 2- phosphoglycerate 
D) glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate 
E) 3- phosphoglycerate

Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

The is the link between glycolysis in muscle cells and gluconeogenesis.

The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is , whereas the net output of ATP is .

During the first phase of glycolysis, ATP is used to form what type of bond with glucose?

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n)reaction.

An energy- liberating pathway is also known as

The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by

During strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

Which glycolytic enzyme uses ATP as a substrate?

Oxygen is toxic to

Which of the following is NOT an allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway?

The enzyme used to break down fructose- 1,6- bisphosphate into two trioses is called

Which of the following is NOT a fermentation product?

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?

At which enzymatic step of glycolysis is water a product?

Oxidation in biological systems is usually accompanied by

The three reasons that phosphoanhydride bonds are so exergonic are: , _ _, and .

Reduction is defined as the addition of . In biological systems, these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called .

Both the phosphorylation of intermediates and the formation of ATP in glycolysis are examples of

In glycolysis, which of the following molecules is oxidized to form 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: I the Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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