Exam 14: International Banking

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Foreign branches of U.S. banks are subject to both the host nation's regulations and the regulations in the U.S.

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U.S. bank regulators allow U.S. banks overseas to engage in all banking activities allowed by the host country.

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Explain the "rollover pricing" feature of LIBOR lending?

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LIBOR, or London Interbank Offered Rate, is the interbank lending rate between banks in the international lending market centered in London. A bank customer will usually pay a premium to LIBOR, based on its credit risk for a period of time. At the end of the period, the loan may be "rolled over" and re-priced for the new period. With frequent repricing banks can make intermediate-term loans with little exposure to interest rate risk.

IBFs may be established by a U. S.-chartered depository institution, a U.S. branch or agency of a foreign bank, or a U. S. office of an Edge Act Corporation.

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IBFs collect small domestic deposits and make foreign loans.

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Most large international loans are funded in the Eurocurrency market.

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Expropriation and nationalization are two methods of guaranteeing payment of U.S. bank loans to developing countries.

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Edge Act corporations can engage in some types of equity investments.

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International banking activity is roughly evenly distributed among small, medium and large banks.

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Foreign branches of U.S. banks evolved in the 1960s as a reaction to capital flow regulations in the U.S.

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The recent decline in the number of banks and branches is a result of the many bank failures since the financial crisis.

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What risks are involved in international lending? What methods do banks have to reduce these risks?

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Participating in a syndicated loan rather than providing all the financing for a loan helps banks reduce their credit risk.

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The Edge Act of 1919 permitted U.S. banks to create international banking facilities.

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Correspondent banks typically provide full banking services in a foreign country including taking deposits.

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Shell branches pay no local taxes and usually operate in stable political environments.

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Explain how syndicated bank loans work and why they are particularly popular in international lending.

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How did technology innovations and internationalization of the banking industry change the regulations? How are these trends related to economies of scale and scope in the banking industry? How did these changes lead to changes in regulations of bank activities and changes in geographic restrictions?

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Most Eurocurrency loans have an interest rate that is based on LIBOR.

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Representative offices can accept deposits and make loans in the host country.

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