Exam 11: Single-Case Research Designs

In many applications of the A-B-A design, treatment is completely withdrawn in the appropriate phase. In some other applications, a "reversal design" is used. In these cases,

The "B" in "A-B-A design" represents the _____condition.

For what kinds of situations is the changing-criterion design particularly useful?

If one were using the multiple-baseline design to examine the effect of treatment across a number of different behaviors, one must take care to insure that the behaviors examined are

A sequence of conditions in an interaction design might be A-B-A-B-BC-B-BC. This design

Single-case research is most closely associated, historically, with what area of psychology?

A major advantage of the multiple-baseline design over the A-B-A design is that

What aspect of the A-B-A design helps us determine whether the treatment, as opposed to some other variable, was responsible for any observed changes in behavior?

If in the withdrawal phase of an A-B-A experiment the behavior reverts to the original baseline levels, then

Single-case designs are closely related to which type of quasi-experimental design?

When using the changing-criterion single-case research design, what is a good rule of thumb for determining how much the criterion should change at each phase?

In a single-case interaction design, an interaction is said to exist if

In order to isolate the interactive effects of two variables from the effect that would be achieved by only one of the variables, it is necessary to

Mr. Murray teaches 3^rd grade and has a student who is very disruptive in the classroom. He employs the help of a school psychologist to help him get rid of the disruptive classroom behavior the student talking without raising their hand). First, the school psychologist records the frequency of talking without hand raising of the one student for five days. Then the school psychologist has Mr. Murray give the student a piece of candy each time the student raises his hand before talking. This is done for five days. On day 11, the school psychologist has Mr. Murray stop giving the student the candy reinforcer. The behavior of talking without raising his hand returns and withdrawal data is collected for five days. Finally, the reinforcement is implemented permanently and the school psychologist records data for an additional five days. What type of single case design is this?

The "A-B-A-B" design is a slight variation on the A-B-A design, in which treatment is returned at the end of the experiment. Under what conditions would this be most desirable?

Dr. Buss is treating a verbally delayed 1st grader. After establishing baseline levels of correct verbal responses, Dr. Buss begins working with the child with his new therapy. Six weeks after treatment, a panel of first grade teachers and school psychologists cannot distinguish Dr. Buss's client from other 1st grade peers. This is an example of the use of

In single-case research, the word "baseline" refers to

What is the desired pattern to look for in baseline, before proceeding to the treatment phase?

If the A-B-A design cannot be used because of problems such as the behavior not returning to baseline upon withdrawal of treatment, you can probably use the__________ design.

Two colleagues are debating over whether giving extrinsic, arbitrary rewards like candy or giving intrinsic rewards like gaining new skills and passing to new material are better ways of motivating children to study. They agree to the following study, using a 6th grader who, with his parent's approval, has volunteered to help: First, no rewards are given for studying. Next an extrinsic reward candy) is given, then no reward, then the extrinsic reward of candy is given again, then a combination of candy and pointing out how much the child has learned. Next a return to extrinsic reward only. On another series of days the child is first given no reward, then a period of only pointing out how much has been learned. Next, no reward is given followed by again pointing out how much is learned. The both rewards are presented together, and finally there is a return to just pointing out how much is learned. In each of these many phases, the child's teacher keeps track of the speed of his progression through his required work. What single-case research design are these colleagues using?