Question 1

What role did Hans Eysenck play in the development of behavior therapy in the 1950s?

Accepted Answer

He criticized traditional Freudian psychoanalytic treatment procedures, and advocated behavior therapy procedures as an alternative.In addition, he helped popularize Wolpe's work in a book of readings entitled Behavior Therapy and Neuroses.

Question 2

Briefly, how did cognitive therapists Ellis and Beck explain emotional problems, and how did they propose to treat them?

Accepted Answer

They believed that faulty cognitive processes (i.e.faulty thinking)causes emotional and behavioral problems.Their approaches to therapy focused on helping clients recognize and change faulty thinking.

Question 3

Who first used the term behavior therapy and in what context?

Accepted Answer

Lindsley, Skinner, and Soloman were the first to use the term behavior therapy, and they did so in a report describing some research in which psychotic patients in a mental hospital were reinforced with candy or cigarettes for pulling a plunger.

Question 4

Briefly describe one of the first published reports (a very influential one)that concerned practical applications within the operant tradition.

Accepted Answer

One such report was that by Ayllon and M

Question 5

Briefly state a contribution each of the following made to the behavioral approach:
 a.Descartes 
b.the British empiricists
c.the Russian reflexologists 
d.the functionalists

Accepted Answer

(a)Descartes was the first to articulate

Question 6

What does the term cognitive processes mean?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive processes refer to t

Question 7

Describe how Watson and Rayner demonstrated Pavlovian conditioning of a fear response in an 11-month-old infant.

Accepted Answer

Watson and Rayner first demonstrated tha

Question 8

How did Joseph Wolpe extend the principle of reciprocal inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Wolpe extended the principle of reciproc

Question 9

Distinguish between the behavioral model and the medical model of abnormal behavior.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral model of abnormal behavio

Question 10

How did Aristotle's view of the soul differ from that of Plato's?

Accepted Answer

Plato viewed the soul as the source of b

Question 11

In what Latin American country did Keller accept an academic position in 1961, and what contribution did he make to behavior modification while there?

Accepted Answer

Brazil.While there, Keller est

Question 12

Was the influential book Case Studies in Behavior Modification strictly within the operant orientation? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No.It also included

Question 13

The publications of the early 1960s within the operant orientation seem to have been characterized by two features.What were they?

Accepted Answer

(a)Much of it was done with very resista

Question 14

What is operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning

Question 15

Cite three of Skinner's contributions other than his basic research and theoretical writings.

Accepted Answer

(a)Wrote a Utopian novel; (b)W

Question 16

What is another name for the operant orientation?

Accepted Answer

Applied be

Question 17

Many of the early reports in the operant tradition in the 1950s were straightforward experiments that demonstrated that consequences influence human behavior.Briefly, describe two such experiments.

Accepted Answer

Fuller demonstrated that a bed-ridden, p

Question 18

To which of the two major orientations did Hull and his followers Dollard and Miller mainly contribute, and briefly what were their contributions?

Accepted Answer

Hull developed a learning theory that me

Question 19

Describe how Pavlov demonstrated Pavlovian conditioning with dogs.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov paired a bell with food presented

Question 20

In a sentence for each, distinguish between the terms cognitive behavior therapy, applied behavior analysis, and behavior modification as they tend to be used today.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavior therapy is behavior m

Exam 29: Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

What role did Hans Eysenck play in the development of behavior therapy in the 1950s?

Briefly, how did cognitive therapists Ellis and Beck explain emotional problems, and how did they propose to treat them?

Who first used the term behavior therapy and in what context?

Briefly describe one of the first published reports (a very influential one)that concerned practical applications within the operant tradition.

Briefly state a contribution each of the following made to the behavioral approach: a.Descartes b.the British empiricists c.the Russian reflexologists d.the functionalists

What does the term cognitive processes mean?

Describe how Watson and Rayner demonstrated Pavlovian conditioning of a fear response in an 11-month-old infant.

How did Joseph Wolpe extend the principle of reciprocal inhibition?

Distinguish between the behavioral model and the medical model of abnormal behavior.

How did Aristotle's view of the soul differ from that of Plato's?

In what Latin American country did Keller accept an academic position in 1961, and what contribution did he make to behavior modification while there?

Was the influential book Case Studies in Behavior Modification strictly within the operant orientation? Why or why not?

The publications of the early 1960s within the operant orientation seem to have been characterized by two features.What were they?

What is operant conditioning?

Cite three of Skinner's contributions other than his basic research and theoretical writings.

What is another name for the operant orientation?

Many of the early reports in the operant tradition in the 1950s were straightforward experiments that demonstrated that consequences influence human behavior.Briefly, describe two such experiments.

To which of the two major orientations did Hull and his followers Dollard and Miller mainly contribute, and briefly what were their contributions?

Describe how Pavlov demonstrated Pavlovian conditioning with dogs.

In a sentence for each, distinguish between the terms cognitive behavior therapy, applied behavior analysis, and behavior modification as they tend to be used today.

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Ethical Issues

Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Filters