Exam 1: Catalysts for Chang

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Why was the ARPANET designed so that the loss of any single computer would not prevent the rest of the network from working?___________________________

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The World Wide Web is the creation of

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In the first half of the 20sup>th/sup> century, AT&T used vacuum tubes to construct amplifiers that made long distance telephone calls possible. AT&T funded research to develop a semiconductor replacement to the vacuum tube. The research resulted in the invention of the_________ .

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A semiconductor device containing transistors, capacitors, and resistors is called

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Guglielmo Marconi originally conceived of the radio as a way to

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In the fourth century the codex replaced the scroll because

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In January 1984 Apple Computer released the Macintosh. The Macintosh is notable because it was the first commodity personal computer with a __________________.

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A key application that first made personal computers more attractive to business was

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A typewriter that prints a message transmitted over a telegraph line is called a

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The mechanical adding machines of Pascal and Leibniz were not widely adopted because

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A common name for a wireless Internet access point is

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In the 1960s the invention of _________allowed multiple people to interact more-or-less simultaneously with a single computer.

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Programming languages FORTRAN and COBOL became international standards, meaning

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Devices used in the creation, storage, manipulation, exchange, and dissemination of data, including text, sound, and images, fall into the category of _________technology.

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In the earliest digital computers every instruction was coded as a long number. People invented_________ to make coding faster and less error-prone.

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What two significant developments made personal computers more attractive to businesses in the late 1970s and early 1980s?___________________________

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A single semiconductor device containing transistors, capacitors, and resistors is called_________ .

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Which of the following phrases does not describe the Gilded Age in America?

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The two principal catalysts for the Information Age have been

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The company that invented the microprocessor is

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