Question 1

According to the text, how do hypotheses relate to theories?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypotheses are specific predictions used to test a theory's prediction. 
B) Hypotheses are formulated after a research study and later made into theories. 
C) Theories are specific predictions used to test a theory's prediction. 
D) Hypotheses always become theories after a study is complete. 
A) Hypotheses are specific predictions used to test a theory's prediction. 
B) Hypotheses are formulated after a research study and later made into theories. 
C) Theories are specific predictions used to test a theory's prediction. 
D) Hypotheses always become theories after a study is complete.

Question 2

A group of policymakers is working to address issues of public safety in a residential neighborhood by increasing police presence.Which of the four primary goals of science are they addressing?

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) control 
C) prediction 
D) explanation 
A) description 
B) control 
C) prediction 
D) explanation

Question 3

Jafar conducted an experiment with student participants enrolled in his PSY 101 class.He investigated their reactions to advertisements that used humor.When analyzing his results, he should take into account that

Accepted Answer

A) there are likely to be many confounds in his methodology, so his results may not be reliable. 
B) by using random assignment of participants to groups, it is likely that he avoided selection bias. 
C) he has a convenience sample and may not be able to generalize his findings to the larger population of adults. 
D) self-report methods are not an accurate way to get authentic reactions to the advertisements. 
A) there are likely to be many confounds in his methodology, so his results may not be reliable. 
B) by using random assignment of participants to groups, it is likely that he avoided selection bias. 
C) he has a convenience sample and may not be able to generalize his findings to the larger population of adults. 
D) self-report methods are not an accurate way to get authentic reactions to the advertisements.

Question 4

How do theories reflect the law of parsimony?

Accepted Answer

A) Good theories should be based on the smallest amount of data possible. 
B) Theories should be supported by several researchers. 
C) Theories usually do not need to be tested if they are concise. 
D) Good theories tend to be the simplest explanations that fit the data. 
A) Good theories should be based on the smallest amount of data possible. 
B) Theories should be supported by several researchers. 
C) Theories usually do not need to be tested if they are concise. 
D) Good theories tend to be the simplest explanations that fit the data.

Question 5

Suppose a researcher studying the effect of having a pet on elderly people's subjective well-being does NOT use a control group in his study.What type of validity is this measure lacking?

Accepted Answer

A) construct 
B) external 
C) internal 
D) operational 
A) construct 
B) external 
C) internal 
D) operational

Question 6

Why is the range often the least useful measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

A) It only identifies the most extreme scores. 
B) It is not always able to be calculated. 
C) It is dependent on the mean. 
D) It is a type of inferential statistic. 
A) It only identifies the most extreme scores. 
B) It is not always able to be calculated. 
C) It is dependent on the mean. 
D) It is a type of inferential statistic.

Question 7

Socially desirable responding is a potential problem in research because it may

Accepted Answer

A) clue participants in to researchers' hypotheses. 
B) interfere with the integrity of data. 
C) cause researchers to fabricate data. 
D) indicate a zero correlation. 
A) clue participants in to researchers' hypotheses. 
B) interfere with the integrity of data. 
C) cause researchers to fabricate data. 
D) indicate a zero correlation.

Question 8

What should you look for when considering if there is "well-supported evidence" to support a scientific claim?

Accepted Answer

A) whether the results were published in a peer-reviewed journal 
B) whether the study was written about in a newspaper 
C) whether the results appeared on multiple websites 
D) whether the researcher came from an impressive institution 
A) whether the results were published in a peer-reviewed journal 
B) whether the study was written about in a newspaper 
C) whether the results appeared on multiple websites 
D) whether the researcher came from an impressive institution

Question 9

As Dr.O'Malley begins an experiment, he reviews the factors that might affect participants' willingness to take part.Dr.Quick is providing a detailed explanation to participants who have just completed a study.Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Dr.O'Malley is obtaining informed consent from his participants; Dr.Quick is debriefing her participants. 
B) Dr.O'Malley is debriefing his participants; Dr.Quick is obtaining informed consent from her participants. 
C) Both Dr.O'Malley and Dr.Quick are obtaining informed consent from their participants. 
D) Both Dr.O'Malley and Dr.Quick are debriefing their participants. 
A) Dr.O'Malley is obtaining informed consent from his participants; Dr.Quick is debriefing her participants. 
B) Dr.O'Malley is debriefing his participants; Dr.Quick is obtaining informed consent from her participants. 
C) Both Dr.O'Malley and Dr.Quick are obtaining informed consent from their participants. 
D) Both Dr.O'Malley and Dr.Quick are debriefing their participants.

Question 10

The range and standard deviation are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) inferential statistics. 
B) measures of central tendency. 
C) types of variability. 
D) correlational measures. 
A) inferential statistics. 
B) measures of central tendency. 
C) types of variability. 
D) correlational measures.

Question 11

One of the four main goals of science is prediction.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to predict

Accepted Answer

A) what might control a behavior. 
B) how many scientific studies are needed to study a phenomenon. 
C) when a phenomenon will occur. 
D) which type of researchers will investigate a phenomenon. 
A) what might control a behavior. 
B) how many scientific studies are needed to study a phenomenon. 
C) when a phenomenon will occur. 
D) which type of researchers will investigate a phenomenon.

Question 12

When designing a study, scientists must have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a theory, a testable hypothesis, and a research method 
B) a testable hypothesis, participants, and data 
C) a theory, level of analysis, and data 
D) a research method, participants, and an analysis plan 
A) a theory, a testable hypothesis, and a research method 
B) a testable hypothesis, participants, and data 
C) a theory, level of analysis, and data 
D) a research method, participants, and an analysis plan

Question 13

Suppose you just found out that you are required to participate in research as part of your psychology class, but you feel uncomfortable about it.What should you do?

Accepted Answer

A) Participate anyway, because you are worried about your grade. 
B) Find out about alternative assignments you can do to fulfill the requirement. 
C) Complain to your professor. 
D) Find out if there are other studies that you can complete for money. 
A) Participate anyway, because you are worried about your grade. 
B) Find out about alternative assignments you can do to fulfill the requirement. 
C) Complain to your professor. 
D) Find out if there are other studies that you can complete for money.

Question 14

Dr.Meyers is investigating the relationship between stress and obesity.In his latest study, he found that stress is often associated with overeating and has effects that slow metabolism.Which of the four primary goals of science is he addressing with his most recent work?

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) control 
C) prediction 
D) explanation 
A) description 
B) control 
C) prediction 
D) explanation

Question 15

The first step of data analysis is to , and the second step is to .

Accepted Answer

A) test for significance; report the results 
B) test for significance; describe the data 
C) describe the data; test for significance 
D) describe the data; report the results 
A) test for significance; report the results 
B) test for significance; describe the data 
C) describe the data; test for significance 
D) describe the data; report the results

Question 16

One of the four main goals of science is control.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to control

Accepted Answer

A) the causes of a phenomenon. 
B) access to publications about a phenomenon. 
C) the institutions that research a phenomenon. 
D) the literature on a certain phenomenon. 
A) the causes of a phenomenon. 
B) access to publications about a phenomenon. 
C) the institutions that research a phenomenon. 
D) the literature on a certain phenomenon.

Question 17

When a researcher cannot manipulate variables in a project, he or she is forced to collect naturally occurring data.The data analysis would probably involve

Accepted Answer

A) a correlational analysis. 
B) descriptive, but not inferential, statistics. 
C) naturalistic observation. 
D) selection bias. 
A) a correlational analysis. 
B) descriptive, but not inferential, statistics. 
C) naturalistic observation. 
D) selection bias.

Question 18

Ashley is an undergraduate research assistant in a lab investigating preschool children's science knowledge.She is examining the items on the science knowledge assessments to ensure that they actually measure science, and not some other concept.What type of validity is she addressing?

Accepted Answer

A) external 
B) internal 
C) construct 
D) reliable 
A) external 
B) internal 
C) construct 
D) reliable

Question 19

Suppose a college is planning to turn a grassy area into a parking lot, and a researcher wants to investigate students' response about this change.To conduct her study, she plans to give a questionnaire to a random sample of students.It is likely that

Accepted Answer

A) her results will generalize to the population of interest to her. 
B) she will not be able to generalize her results because she is using a convenience sample. 
C) if she repeated the study with another random sample, she would get very different results. 
D) her findings are not representative of the attitudes of students on the campus. 
A) her results will generalize to the population of interest to her. 
B) she will not be able to generalize her results because she is using a convenience sample. 
C) if she repeated the study with another random sample, she would get very different results. 
D) her findings are not representative of the attitudes of students on the campus.

Question 20

In which of the following types of descriptive studies do researchers involve themselves in the situation of interest?

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic observation 
B) participant observation 
C) longitudinal study 
D) cross-sectional study 
A) naturalistic observation 
B) participant observation 
C) longitudinal study 
D) cross-sectional study

According to the text, how do hypotheses relate to theories?

A group of policymakers is working to address issues of public safety in a residential neighborhood by increasing police presence.Which of the four primary goals of science are they addressing?

Jafar conducted an experiment with student participants enrolled in his PSY 101 class.He investigated their reactions to advertisements that used humor.When analyzing his results, he should take into account that

How do theories reflect the law of parsimony?

Suppose a researcher studying the effect of having a pet on elderly people's subjective well-being does NOT use a control group in his study.What type of validity is this measure lacking?

Why is the range often the least useful measure of central tendency?

Socially desirable responding is a potential problem in research because it may

What should you look for when considering if there is "well-supported evidence" to support a scientific claim?

As Dr.O'Malley begins an experiment, he reviews the factors that might affect participants' willingness to take part.Dr.Quick is providing a detailed explanation to participants who have just completed a study.Which of the following statements is true?

The range and standard deviation are examples of

One of the four main goals of science is prediction.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to predict

When designing a study, scientists must have which of the following?

Suppose you just found out that you are required to participate in research as part of your psychology class, but you feel uncomfortable about it.What should you do?

Dr.Meyers is investigating the relationship between stress and obesity.In his latest study, he found that stress is often associated with overeating and has effects that slow metabolism.Which of the four primary goals of science is he addressing with his most recent work?

The first step of data analysis is to , and the second step is to .

One of the four main goals of science is control.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to control

When a researcher cannot manipulate variables in a project, he or she is forced to collect naturally occurring data.The data analysis would probably involve

Ashley is an undergraduate research assistant in a lab investigating preschool children's science knowledge.She is examining the items on the science knowledge assessments to ensure that they actually measure science, and not some other concept.What type of validity is she addressing?

Suppose a college is planning to turn a grassy area into a parking lot, and a researcher wants to investigate students' response about this change.To conduct her study, she plans to give a questionnaire to a random sample of students.It is likely that

In which of the following types of descriptive studies do researchers involve themselves in the situation of interest?

The Science of Psychology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: Research Methodology

According to the text, how do hypotheses relate to theories?

A group of policymakers is working to address issues of public safety in a residential neighborhood by increasing police presence.Which of the four primary goals of science are they addressing?

Jafar conducted an experiment with student participants enrolled in his PSY 101 class.He investigated their reactions to advertisements that used humor.When analyzing his results, he should take into account that

How do theories reflect the law of parsimony?

Suppose a researcher studying the effect of having a pet on elderly people's subjective well-being does NOT use a control group in his study.What type of validity is this measure lacking?

Why is the range often the least useful measure of central tendency?

Socially desirable responding is a potential problem in research because it may

What should you look for when considering if there is "well-supported evidence" to support a scientific claim?

As Dr.O'Malley begins an experiment, he reviews the factors that might affect participants' willingness to take part.Dr.Quick is providing a detailed explanation to participants who have just completed a study.Which of the following statements is true?

The range and standard deviation are examples of

One of the four main goals of science is prediction.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to predict

When designing a study, scientists must have which of the following?

Suppose you just found out that you are required to participate in research as part of your psychology class, but you feel uncomfortable about it.What should you do?

Dr.Meyers is investigating the relationship between stress and obesity.In his latest study, he found that stress is often associated with overeating and has effects that slow metabolism.Which of the four primary goals of science is he addressing with his most recent work?

The first step of data analysis is to , and the second step is to .

One of the four main goals of science is control.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to control

When a researcher cannot manipulate variables in a project, he or she is forced to collect naturally occurring data.The data analysis would probably involve

Ashley is an undergraduate research assistant in a lab investigating preschool children's science knowledge.She is examining the items on the science knowledge assessments to ensure that they actually measure science, and not some other concept.What type of validity is she addressing?

Suppose a college is planning to turn a grassy area into a parking lot, and a researcher wants to investigate students' response about this change.To conduct her study, she plans to give a questionnaire to a random sample of students.It is likely that

In which of the following types of descriptive studies do researchers involve themselves in the situation of interest?

The Science of Psychology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters