Question 1

All of the following statements concerning mantle temperature are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  lower concentrations of subsurface radioactive isotopes reduce the geothermal gradient. 
B)  higher concentrations of surface radioactive isotopes give a steeper geothermal gradient. 
C)  higher pressure at depth raises melting temperatures. 
D)  mantle rock melts at depths below 100 kilometers. 
A)  lower concentrations of subsurface radioactive isotopes reduce the geothermal gradient. 
B)  higher concentrations of surface radioactive isotopes give a steeper geothermal gradient. 
C)  higher pressure at depth raises melting temperatures. 
D)  mantle rock melts at depths below 100 kilometers.

Question 2

Which of the following is most likely to occur during a reversal of the Earth's normal magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in solar radiation. 
B)  Metals and magnetic substances would be affected, but on living organisms, there would be no effect. 
C)  A reduction in the level of ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  An interval without any magnetic field. 
A)  A decrease in solar radiation. 
B)  Metals and magnetic substances would be affected, but on living organisms, there would be no effect. 
C)  A reduction in the level of ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  An interval without any magnetic field.

Question 3

The P- wave shadow zone occurs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  reflection at the mantle- core boundary directs the P waves toward a different area. 
B)  the rigidity of the core prevents P waves from compressing the core material. 
C)  refraction at the mantle- core boundary directs the P waves toward a different area. 
D)  the difference in rigidity between the mantle and core changes the speed of P waves. 
A)  reflection at the mantle- core boundary directs the P waves toward a different area. 
B)  the rigidity of the core prevents P waves from compressing the core material. 
C)  refraction at the mantle- core boundary directs the P waves toward a different area. 
D)  the difference in rigidity between the mantle and core changes the speed of P waves.

Question 4

Heat at the Earth's surface is a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of radioactivity in the crust. 
B)  thickness of oceanic crust above the mantle. 
C)  thickness of continental crust above the mantle. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  amount of radioactivity in the crust. 
B)  thickness of oceanic crust above the mantle. 
C)  thickness of continental crust above the mantle. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 5

A location that exhibits a positive gravity anomaly has:

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher gravitational pull than expected after adjusting for its latitude and altitude. 
B)  a higher gravitational pull than average because of its latitude or altitude. 
C)  a higher gravitational pull than usual for that location. 
D)  a higher gravitational pull than most locations on Earth. 
A)  a higher gravitational pull than expected after adjusting for its latitude and altitude. 
B)  a higher gravitational pull than average because of its latitude or altitude. 
C)  a higher gravitational pull than usual for that location. 
D)  a higher gravitational pull than most locations on Earth.

Question 6

Rocks from deep within the Earth have reached the surface by all of the following processes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  mantle rocks brought to the surface along rift zones. 
B)  volcanic eruption of deep- origin magmas containing unmelted subterranean rocks. 
C)  rocks found within kimberlite pipes produced by deep, explosive volcanism. 
D)  ultramafic mantle rocks brought up to the surface when continental plates collide. 
A)  mantle rocks brought to the surface along rift zones. 
B)  volcanic eruption of deep- origin magmas containing unmelted subterranean rocks. 
C)  rocks found within kimberlite pipes produced by deep, explosive volcanism. 
D)  ultramafic mantle rocks brought up to the surface when continental plates collide.

Question 7

The transition zone between the upper and lower mantle is marked by:

Accepted Answer

A)  abrupt changes in material rigidity 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the asthenosphere. 
B)  abrupt changes in temperature 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the Earth's surface. 
C)  abrupt changes in mineral structure 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the Earth's surface. 
D)  abrupt changes in pressure 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the lithosphere. 
A)  abrupt changes in material rigidity 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the asthenosphere. 
B)  abrupt changes in temperature 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the Earth's surface. 
C)  abrupt changes in mineral structure 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the Earth's surface. 
D)  abrupt changes in pressure 400 kilometers and 700 kilometers below the lithosphere.

Question 8

The Earth's magnetism is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of electrons in the outer core. 
B)  a concentration of iron magnetite in the inner core. 
C)  the release of electrons from radioactive isotopes. 
D)  the movement of electrons in the asthenosphere convection cells. 
A)  the movement of electrons in the outer core. 
B)  a concentration of iron magnetite in the inner core. 
C)  the release of electrons from radioactive isotopes. 
D)  the movement of electrons in the asthenosphere convection cells.

Question 9

Magnetism exists only in elements in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  the electrons all tend to spin in one direction. 
B)  the electrons all tend to stay on one side of the nucleus. 
C)  the electrons all tend to orbit in the same plane. 
D)  the electrons all tend to maintain the same energy level. 
A)  the electrons all tend to spin in one direction. 
B)  the electrons all tend to stay on one side of the nucleus. 
C)  the electrons all tend to orbit in the same plane. 
D)  the electrons all tend to maintain the same energy level.

Question 10

Which of the following formulas describes the force of gravity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mass of A distance2/mass of B. 
B)  Mass of A mass of B2/distance. 
C)  Mass of A mass of B/distance2. 
D)  Distance2/mass of A mass of B. 
A)  Mass of A distance2/mass of B. 
B)  Mass of A mass of B2/distance. 
C)  Mass of A mass of B/distance2. 
D)  Distance2/mass of A mass of B.

Question 11

The mantle- core boundary has a dramatic effect on seismic waves in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  S waves increase in speed and P waves vanish. 
B)  S waves decrease in speed and P waves vanish. 
C)  P waves decrease in speed and S waves vanish. 
D)  P waves increase in speed and S waves vanish. 
A)  S waves increase in speed and P waves vanish. 
B)  S waves decrease in speed and P waves vanish. 
C)  P waves decrease in speed and S waves vanish. 
D)  P waves increase in speed and S waves vanish.

Question 12

The Earth has gained internal heat through all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption of solar radiation. 
B)  solidification of the outer core. 
C)  friction from plate motions. 
D)  the decay of radioactive isotopes. 
A)  absorption of solar radiation. 
B)  solidification of the outer core. 
C)  friction from plate motions. 
D)  the decay of radioactive isotopes.

Question 13

Why do P waves travel at different speeds through different media? Why can S waves travel through only solids?

Accepted Answer

P waves compress the material through wh

Question 14

The mantle accounts for what percentage of the Earth's total volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  60%. 
B)  70%. 
C)  80%. 
D)  90%. 
A)  60%. 
B)  70%. 
C)  80%. 
D)  90%.

All of the following statements concerning mantle temperature are true EXCEPT:

Which of the following is most likely to occur during a reversal of the Earth's normal magnetic field?

The P- wave shadow zone occurs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Heat at the Earth's surface is a function of:

A location that exhibits a positive gravity anomaly has:

Rocks from deep within the Earth have reached the surface by all of the following processes EXCEPT:

The transition zone between the upper and lower mantle is marked by:

The Earth's magnetism is caused by:

Magnetism exists only in elements in which:

Which of the following formulas describes the force of gravity?

The mantle- core boundary has a dramatic effect on seismic waves in that:

The Earth has gained internal heat through all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Why do P waves travel at different speeds through different media? Why can S waves travel through only solids?

The mantle accounts for what percentage of the Earth's total volume?

A First Look at Planet Earth - Its Origins, Systems, and Tectonic Plates

Minerals

Igneous Rocks and Processes

Volcanoes and Volcanism

Weathering - the Breakdown of Rocks

Sedimentary Processes, Environments, and Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Telling Time Geologically

Earth Structures - Folds, Faults, and Fabrics

Earthquakes

Plate Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Oceans

Continental Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Continents

Mass Movement

Streams and Floods

Groundwater

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Deserts and the Work of Winds

Shores and Coastal Processes

Human Use of the Earths Resources Appendices Glossary

Filters

Exam 11: The Earths Interior - Whats Going on Down There

All of the following statements concerning mantle temperature are true EXCEPT:

Which of the following is most likely to occur during a reversal of the Earth's normal magnetic field?

The P- wave shadow zone occurs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Heat at the Earth's surface is a function of:

A location that exhibits a positive gravity anomaly has:

Rocks from deep within the Earth have reached the surface by all of the following processes EXCEPT:

The transition zone between the upper and lower mantle is marked by:

The Earth's magnetism is caused by:

Magnetism exists only in elements in which:

Which of the following formulas describes the force of gravity?

The mantle- core boundary has a dramatic effect on seismic waves in that:

The Earth has gained internal heat through all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Why do P waves travel at different speeds through different media? Why can S waves travel through only solids?

The mantle accounts for what percentage of the Earth's total volume?

A First Look at Planet Earth - Its Origins, Systems, and Tectonic Plates

Minerals

Igneous Rocks and Processes

Volcanoes and Volcanism

Weathering - the Breakdown of Rocks

Sedimentary Processes, Environments, and Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Telling Time Geologically

Earth Structures - Folds, Faults, and Fabrics

Earthquakes

Plate Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Oceans

Continental Tectonics and the Formation of the Earths Continents

Mass Movement

Streams and Floods

Groundwater

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Deserts and the Work of Winds

Shores and Coastal Processes

Human Use of the Earths Resources Appendices Glossary

Filters