Question 1

Questions that can be answered through systematic observation and data collection are called

Accepted Answer

A) introspective questions 
B) authoritative questions 
C) empirical questions 
D) non-empirical questions 
A) introspective questions 
B) authoritative questions 
C) empirical questions 
D) non-empirical questions

Question 2

According to Thomas Kuhn, it is generally a good thing for scientists to hang on to their pet theories tenaciously. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) they seem more human that way 
B) by seeking out controversies with other scientists, they keep their aging minds sharp 
C) by vigorously advocating their theory, it won't be abandoned without a thorough test 
D) none of the above-because they are objective, dispassionate, and ruled only by data, "tenacity" is not a term that characterizes scientists 
A) they seem more human that way 
B) by seeking out controversies with other scientists, they keep their aging minds sharp 
C) by vigorously advocating their theory, it won't be abandoned without a thorough test 
D) none of the above-because they are objective, dispassionate, and ruled only by data, "tenacity" is not a term that characterizes scientists

Question 3

"Ergonomic" psychologists develop airplane dials that are fool proof. That is, pilots cannot inadvertently turn them the wrong way. This demonstrates the use of which of psychology's goals?

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) explanation 
C) prediction 
D) application 
A) description 
B) explanation 
C) prediction 
D) application

Question 4

An objective observation is one

Accepted Answer

A) that can only be made by a mechanical recording device 
B) completely free from any personal bias on the part of the observer 
C) that can be verified by a second observer 
D) that cannot be questioned 
A) that can only be made by a mechanical recording device 
B) completely free from any personal bias on the part of the observer 
C) that can be verified by a second observer 
D) that cannot be questioned

Question 5

A major characteristic of psychological science is its objectivity, which means that

Accepted Answer

A) science is free from human biases 
B) psychologists assume that people are essentially machines 
C) observations can be verified by more than a single observer 
D) results of research are always reported in terms of numbers (statistics) 
A) science is free from human biases 
B) psychologists assume that people are essentially machines 
C) observations can be verified by more than a single observer 
D) results of research are always reported in terms of numbers (statistics)

Question 6

Which of the following is not an important factor when determining that X is causing Y to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) X and Y co-vary 
B) X and Y should occur simultaneously 
C) alternative explanations for Y can be ruled out 
D) variation in X produces predictable variation in Y 
A) X and Y co-vary 
B) X and Y should occur simultaneously 
C) alternative explanations for Y can be ruled out 
D) variation in X produces predictable variation in Y

Question 7

Regular and predictable relationships between variables are called

Accepted Answer

A) explanations 
B) theories 
C) predictions 
D) laws 
A) explanations 
B) theories 
C) predictions 
D) laws

Question 8

As a way of fixing belief, Peirce's a priori method relies heavily on

Accepted Answer

A) belief perseverance 
B) drawing conclusions from making systematic observations of nature 
C) relying on the expertise of others 
D) convincing others through logical arguments 
A) belief perseverance 
B) drawing conclusions from making systematic observations of nature 
C) relying on the expertise of others 
D) convincing others through logical arguments

Question 9

The problem with relying on a belief that "experience is the best teacher" is that

Accepted Answer

A) our experiences might be limited and influenced by bias 
B) our experiences seldom provide any information about what life is like 
C) relying on experience makes us overlook the most important source of knowledge-authorities 
D) none of the above-personal experience is the only reliable way to truth 
A) our experiences might be limited and influenced by bias 
B) our experiences seldom provide any information about what life is like 
C) relying on experience makes us overlook the most important source of knowledge-authorities 
D) none of the above-personal experience is the only reliable way to truth

Question 10

Researchers studying children and attempting to develop a classification system for children's play are illustrating which of psychology's goals?

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) prediction 
C) explanation 
D) control 
A) description 
B) prediction 
C) explanation 
D) control

Questions that can be answered through systematic observation and data collection are called

According to Thomas Kuhn, it is generally a good thing for scientists to hang on to their pet theories tenaciously. Why?

"Ergonomic" psychologists develop airplane dials that are fool proof. That is, pilots cannot inadvertently turn them the wrong way. This demonstrates the use of which of psychology's goals?

An objective observation is one

A major characteristic of psychological science is its objectivity, which means that

Which of the following is not an important factor when determining that X is causing Y to occur?

Regular and predictable relationships between variables are called

As a way of fixing belief, Peirce's a priori method relies heavily on

The problem with relying on a belief that "experience is the best teacher" is that

Researchers studying children and attempting to develop a classification system for children's play are illustrating which of psychology's goals?

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Exam 1: Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Questions that can be answered through systematic observation and data collection are called

According to Thomas Kuhn, it is generally a good thing for scientists to hang on to their pet theories tenaciously. Why?

"Ergonomic" psychologists develop airplane dials that are fool proof. That is, pilots cannot inadvertently turn them the wrong way. This demonstrates the use of which of psychology's goals?

An objective observation is one

A major characteristic of psychological science is its objectivity, which means that

Which of the following is not an important factor when determining that X is causing Y to occur?

Regular and predictable relationships between variables are called

As a way of fixing belief, Peirce's a priori method relies heavily on

The problem with relying on a belief that "experience is the best teacher" is that

Researchers studying children and attempting to develop a classification system for children's play are illustrating which of psychology's goals?

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters