Question 1

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than ________ mya.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
A)  0.5 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4

Question 2

Thick dental enamel in ________ helps with crushing food.

Accepted Answer

A)  apes 
B)  australopithecines 
C)  humans 
D)  all primates 
A)  apes 
B)  australopithecines 
C)  humans 
D)  all primates

Question 3

Robust australopithecines were extinct by ________ mya.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 4

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  a narrow pelvis 
B)  a posterior position of the foramen magnum 
C)  an opposable hallux 
D)  thighbones that angle in toward the knees 
A)  a narrow pelvis 
B)  a posterior position of the foramen magnum 
C)  an opposable hallux 
D)  thighbones that angle in toward the knees

Question 5

Hominins have canines that are

Accepted Answer

A)  small, blunt, and nonprojecting, with no diastema. 
B)  large and pointed, with a diastema. 
C)  projecting, with a diastema. 
D)  part of a honing complex. 
A)  small, blunt, and nonprojecting, with no diastema. 
B)  large and pointed, with a diastema. 
C)  projecting, with a diastema. 
D)  part of a honing complex.

Question 6

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include

Accepted Answer

A)  small front teeth and large back teeth. 
B)  a small brain and a large body. 
C)  a big face and a sagittal crest. 
D)  small front teeth, large back teeth, a big face, and a sagittal crest. 
A)  small front teeth and large back teeth. 
B)  a small brain and a large body. 
C)  a big face and a sagittal crest. 
D)  small front teeth, large back teeth, a big face, and a sagittal crest.

Question 7

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it

Accepted Answer

A)  had a bigger brain than other australopithecines. 
B)  had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines. 
C)  had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines. 
D)  was bipedal. 
A)  had a bigger brain than other australopithecines. 
B)  had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines. 
C)  had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines. 
D)  was bipedal.

Question 8

Given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as Ardipithecus ramidus had a

Accepted Answer

A)  large brain, as Darwin predicted. 
B)  very humanlike skull. 
C)  lower body that is adapted for climbing and an upper body that is adapted for bipedal walking. 
D)  small brain, a long forearm, and evidence of good climbing ability in the pelvis. 
A)  large brain, as Darwin predicted. 
B)  very humanlike skull. 
C)  lower body that is adapted for climbing and an upper body that is adapted for bipedal walking. 
D)  small brain, a long forearm, and evidence of good climbing ability in the pelvis.

Question 9

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops, with its somewhat unexpected morphology for its time period, was important mainly because it

Accepted Answer

A)  had a small brain like an ape's. 
B)  was discovered in Kenya. 
C)  showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya. 
D)  probably lived in woodlands. 
A)  had a small brain like an ape's. 
B)  was discovered in Kenya. 
C)  showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya. 
D)  probably lived in woodlands.

Question 10

Using tools and toolmaking is an adaptation by hominins linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  improved diet. 
B)  bipedalism. 
C)  sleeping. 
D)  becoming larger. 
A)  improved diet. 
B)  bipedalism. 
C)  sleeping. 
D)  becoming larger.

Question 11

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis?

Accepted Answer

A)  big toe opposability 
B)  larger body size 
C)  length of the calcaneus 
D)  nonhoning chewing 
A)  big toe opposability 
B)  larger body size 
C)  length of the calcaneus 
D)  nonhoning chewing

Question 12

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased ability to see greater distances and to carry food. 
B)  the ability to run faster. 
C)  the ability to evade detection by standing very still. 
D)  the more rapid evolution of a large brain. 
A)  an increased ability to see greater distances and to carry food. 
B)  the ability to run faster. 
C)  the ability to evade detection by standing very still. 
D)  the more rapid evolution of a large brain.

Question 13

The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is

Accepted Answer

A)  Orrorin tugenensis. 
B)  Ardipithecus kadabba. 
C)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis. 
D)  Ardipithecus ramidus. 
A)  Orrorin tugenensis. 
B)  Ardipithecus kadabba. 
C)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis. 
D)  Ardipithecus ramidus.

Question 14

Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to ________ while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the increased efficiency in walking as forests transformed to wooded environments; the ability to carry food in order to provision family members 
B)  the ability to carry food in order to provision family members; increased efficiency in walking as forests transformed to wooded environments 
C)  the ability to make and use stone tools; the loss of the diastema and evolution of thick enamel 
D)  the early emergence of a large brain; the later emergence of a large brain 
A)  the increased efficiency in walking as forests transformed to wooded environments; the ability to carry food in order to provision family members 
B)  the ability to carry food in order to provision family members; increased efficiency in walking as forests transformed to wooded environments 
C)  the ability to make and use stone tools; the loss of the diastema and evolution of thick enamel 
D)  the early emergence of a large brain; the later emergence of a large brain

Question 15

Which of the following are among the "seven steps of bipedalism"?

Accepted Answer

A)  opposable thumb, nails instead of claws, convergent eyes, longitudinal arch in the foot 
B)  opposable big toe, length of the leg, convergent eyes, backward-facing foramen magnum 
C)  opposable big toe, length of the leg, S-shaped spine, downward-facing foramen magnum 
D)  opposable big toe, nails instead of claws, convergent eyes, longitudinal arch in the foot 
A)  opposable thumb, nails instead of claws, convergent eyes, longitudinal arch in the foot 
B)  opposable big toe, length of the leg, convergent eyes, backward-facing foramen magnum 
C)  opposable big toe, length of the leg, S-shaped spine, downward-facing foramen magnum 
D)  opposable big toe, nails instead of claws, convergent eyes, longitudinal arch in the foot

Question 16

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing characteristics of ho

Question 17

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins

Accepted Answer

A)  lived in a lush jungle. 
B)  lived in a savanna. 
C)  lived in a forest. 
D)  migrated out of the area due to drought. 
A)  lived in a lush jungle. 
B)  lived in a savanna. 
C)  lived in a forest. 
D)  migrated out of the area due to drought.

Question 18

The temporalis muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  connects the masseter muscle to the jaw. 
B)  is a powerful muscle that runs from near the top of the head to the lower part of the jaw. 
C)  is found in hominins but not great apes. 
D)  is found in all of the primates except humans. 
A)  connects the masseter muscle to the jaw. 
B)  is a powerful muscle that runs from near the top of the head to the lower part of the jaw. 
C)  is found in hominins but not great apes. 
D)  is found in all of the primates except humans.

Question 19

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had

Accepted Answer

A)  a big brain, big teeth, and a big face. 
B)  large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest. 
C)  a large body, large teeth, and a sagittal crest. 
D)  a big face, large teeth, and a large body. 
A)  a big brain, big teeth, and a big face. 
B)  large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest. 
C)  a large body, large teeth, and a sagittal crest. 
D)  a big face, large teeth, and a large body.

Question 20

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo habilis. 
B)  Australopithecus afarensis. 
C)  Orrorin tugenensis. 
D)  Homo sapiens. 
A)  Homo habilis. 
B)  Australopithecus afarensis. 
C)  Orrorin tugenensis. 
D)  Homo sapiens.

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than ________ mya.

Thick dental enamel in ________ helps with crushing food.

Robust australopithecines were extinct by ________ mya.

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Hominins have canines that are

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it

Given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as Ardipithecus ramidus had a

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops, with its somewhat unexpected morphology for its time period, was important mainly because it

Using tools and toolmaking is an adaptation by hominins linked to

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis?

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is

Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was .

Which of the following are among the "seven steps of bipedalism"?

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins

The temporalis muscle

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of

What Is Biological Anthropology

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: Living People

Biology in the Present: the Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

The Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Modern People

The Past 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, Biology

Filters

Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than ________ mya.

Thick dental enamel in ________ helps with crushing food.

Robust australopithecines were extinct by ________ mya.

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Hominins have canines that are

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it

Given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as Ardipithecus ramidus had a

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops, with its somewhat unexpected morphology for its time period, was important mainly because it

Using tools and toolmaking is an adaptation by hominins linked to

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis?

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is

Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to ________ while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was ________.

Which of the following are among the "seven steps of bipedalism"?

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins

The temporalis muscle

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of

What Is Biological Anthropology

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: Living People

Biology in the Present: the Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

The Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Modern People

The Past 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, Biology

Filters

Peter Rodman proposed that human evolution was linked to while Owen Lovejoy suggested the best explanation was .