Question 1

When was the idea of national health care insurance first debated in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign as he attempted to achieve such a plan 
B) During President Johnson's administration when Medicare and Medicaid were instituted in the 1960s 
C) President Franklin Roosevelt's attempt to include health insurance in Social Security legislation in the 1930s 
D) President Theodore Roosevelt advocated such national medical coverage in 1916 
A) Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign as he attempted to achieve such a plan 
B) During President Johnson's administration when Medicare and Medicaid were instituted in the 1960s 
C) President Franklin Roosevelt's attempt to include health insurance in Social Security legislation in the 1930s 
D) President Theodore Roosevelt advocated such national medical coverage in 1916 D

Question 2

A client living in the 1920s received health care services.Which would have been the most likely form of payment?

Accepted Answer

A) Patients paid out of their pockets for whatever care the provider charged 
B) Public health employees gave care to those who needed it 
C) There was little health care to be had,regardless of a person's wealth 
D) Workers who belonged to a union had their bills paid by insurance. 
A) Patients paid out of their pockets for whatever care the provider charged 
B) Public health employees gave care to those who needed it 
C) There was little health care to be had,regardless of a person's wealth 
D) Workers who belonged to a union had their bills paid by insurance. A

Question 3

Which best describes how the government was successful at containing costs?

Accepted Answer

A) The original legislation for Medicare and Medicaid had built-in cost controls 
B) Certificate-of-need requirements restricted provider overtreatment 
C) Utilization review determined appropriateness of care 
D) Prospective payments were based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) 
E) Peer standard review organizations were effective watchdogs. 
A) The original legislation for Medicare and Medicaid had built-in cost controls 
B) Certificate-of-need requirements restricted provider overtreatment 
C) Utilization review determined appropriateness of care 
D) Prospective payments were based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) 
E) Peer standard review organizations were effective watchdogs. D

Question 4

Which best describes what insurance companies did to decrease their constantly increasing costs? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Did not cover any illnesses that were diagnosed before the person (or his or her employer)purchased insurance 
B) Limited coverage to only certain services,eliminating any that were experimental,nontraditional,or too costly 
C) Reimbursed only the care that was requested by the patient's primary physician 
D) Limited providing insurance to companies who hired mainly young,healthy persons 
E) Required preapproval before expensive services were used
F)Ceased coverage on any person who used an exorbitant number of services,whenever possible 
A) Did not cover any illnesses that were diagnosed before the person (or his or her employer)purchased insurance 
B) Limited coverage to only certain services,eliminating any that were experimental,nontraditional,or too costly 
C) Reimbursed only the care that was requested by the patient's primary physician 
D) Limited providing insurance to companies who hired mainly young,healthy persons 
E) Required preapproval before expensive services were used
F)Ceased coverage on any person who used an exorbitant number of services,whenever possible

Question 5

Which best describes why so many Americans continue to engage in unhealthy behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) Americans are not knowledgeable on how to change their behavior 
B) Americans believe that most illnesses can be cured with insurance footing the bill 
C) Health is not a concern to most Americans 
D) Most Americans do not know which behaviors are unhealthy. 
A) Americans are not knowledgeable on how to change their behavior 
B) Americans believe that most illnesses can be cured with insurance footing the bill 
C) Health is not a concern to most Americans 
D) Most Americans do not know which behaviors are unhealthy.

Question 6

Which statement best summarizes all of the changes resulting from attempts to control costs?

Accepted Answer

A) Conflict between providers,patients,employer,and insurance plans raged 
B) Costs were controlled,at least temporarily 
C) Demand for health care drastically dropped 
D) Most employers discontinued their insurance plans for employees. 
A) Conflict between providers,patients,employer,and insurance plans raged 
B) Costs were controlled,at least temporarily 
C) Demand for health care drastically dropped 
D) Most employers discontinued their insurance plans for employees.

Question 7

Which action would be the least expensive approach to treating chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) Choose healthy lifestyle behaviors to retain health 
B) Continue media campaigns encouraging early detection and treatment 
C) Encourage patients to seek care at a local neighborhood health clinic 
D) Suggest self-therapies that have been demonstrated to be effective 
A) Choose healthy lifestyle behaviors to retain health 
B) Continue media campaigns encouraging early detection and treatment 
C) Encourage patients to seek care at a local neighborhood health clinic 
D) Suggest self-therapies that have been demonstrated to be effective

Question 8

Which conclusion can be drawn from reviewing how health care costs are spread over a person's lifetime?

Accepted Answer

A) Health care expenditures increase with age 
B) Premature newborns incur more costs than other children from birth through adulthood 
C) The majority of cost is incurred during middle age when chronic diseases strike 
D) Persons aged 85 years and above spend the most money on health care. 
A) Health care expenditures increase with age 
B) Premature newborns incur more costs than other children from birth through adulthood 
C) The majority of cost is incurred during middle age when chronic diseases strike 
D) Persons aged 85 years and above spend the most money on health care.

Question 9

Which statement best describes a major event that occurred in the 1960s that affected health care?

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of charity care by health care providers greatly increased 
B) Hospitals began to voluntarily pay taxes to the communities where they were located 
C) Legislation greatly expanded funds available to train physicians,nurses,and other health care providers 
D) The Social Security Act was amended to create Medicare and Medicaid legislation. 
A) The amount of charity care by health care providers greatly increased 
B) Hospitals began to voluntarily pay taxes to the communities where they were located 
C) Legislation greatly expanded funds available to train physicians,nurses,and other health care providers 
D) The Social Security Act was amended to create Medicare and Medicaid legislation.

Question 10

Which best describes the health care services that are provided by philanthropic groups?

Accepted Answer

A) Direct care to patients with problems related to the group's primary interest area 
B) Legislative lobbying for increased funding for their special interests 
C) Informational and research activities 
D) Special services such as housing,transportation,or appearance aids 
A) Direct care to patients with problems related to the group's primary interest area 
B) Legislative lobbying for increased funding for their special interests 
C) Informational and research activities 
D) Special services such as housing,transportation,or appearance aids

Question 11

Which best describes what happens when a health care organization receives federal funding for a special health care need?

Accepted Answer

A) Other groups see the project and write grants wanting similar projects in their geographic area 
B) Participants continue to demand the services,so local funding has to be readjusted to continue the care 
C) Research is done to demonstrate whether or not the intervention was successful and should be replicated 
D) When funds cease,so does the health care; therefore,continuity is lacking. 
A) Other groups see the project and write grants wanting similar projects in their geographic area 
B) Participants continue to demand the services,so local funding has to be readjusted to continue the care 
C) Research is done to demonstrate whether or not the intervention was successful and should be replicated 
D) When funds cease,so does the health care; therefore,continuity is lacking.

Question 12

Which statement best describes why nurses should be knowledgeable about health care funding?

Accepted Answer

A) To be able to be an effective employee for insurance companies 
B) To be knowledgeable when media asks for opinions on some new legislation 
C) To better serve as patient advocates in policy making for funding that provides appropriate care for the greatest good 
D) To know how to write nursing notes that reflect higher reimbursement possibilities 
A) To be able to be an effective employee for insurance companies 
B) To be knowledgeable when media asks for opinions on some new legislation 
C) To better serve as patient advocates in policy making for funding that provides appropriate care for the greatest good 
D) To know how to write nursing notes that reflect higher reimbursement possibilities

Question 13

Which best describes what was done by large industrial giants to stop the constant increase in their costs for health insurance for their employees?

Accepted Answer

A) Assembled their own health care programs 
B) Established health promotion programs that employees were required to attend 
C) Signed only certain providers to give care at a reduced rate in exchange for so many new patients 
D) Suggested that employees seek only the most necessary services 
A) Assembled their own health care programs 
B) Established health promotion programs that employees were required to attend 
C) Signed only certain providers to give care at a reduced rate in exchange for so many new patients 
D) Suggested that employees seek only the most necessary services

Question 14

Which best describes how having health insurance has affected lifestyle behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) Health promotion disease prevention programs are attended because they are reimbursable 
B) Health education is widespread because insurance companies promote such education 
C) Medications and medical treatment are relied on for cure 
D) Screening is widespread because of insurance sponsorship. 
A) Health promotion disease prevention programs are attended because they are reimbursable 
B) Health education is widespread because insurance companies promote such education 
C) Medications and medical treatment are relied on for cure 
D) Screening is widespread because of insurance sponsorship.

Question 15

Which best describes how hospitals initially coped when Medicare reimbursement became based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)?

Accepted Answer

A) Charged more for patients whose care was paid by insurance 
B) Decreased nursing staff to cut labor costs 
C) Lobbied politicians to increase Medicare reimbursement to reflect actual costs 
D) Refused to accept Medicare patients 
A) Charged more for patients whose care was paid by insurance 
B) Decreased nursing staff to cut labor costs 
C) Lobbied politicians to increase Medicare reimbursement to reflect actual costs 
D) Refused to accept Medicare patients

Question 16

Which was a major change after Medicare began a prescription drug benefit?

Accepted Answer

A) Number of prescriptions ordered by physicians decreased 
B) Medications increased without affecting patient care outcomes 
C) U.S.expenditures on drugs approached the same level as that of other industrialized nations 
D) Use of drugs and their cost immediately increased 
A) Number of prescriptions ordered by physicians decreased 
B) Medications increased without affecting patient care outcomes 
C) U.S.expenditures on drugs approached the same level as that of other industrialized nations 
D) Use of drugs and their cost immediately increased

Question 17

Which best describes how providers can legally improve their profit under the current reimbursement process?

Accepted Answer

A) Accept more patients and work more hours so former high income is retained 
B) Order the cheapest generic medications and treatments possible 
C) Convince patients that they do not want expensive treatments 
D) Practice conservatively to earn an incentive payment 
A) Accept more patients and work more hours so former high income is retained 
B) Order the cheapest generic medications and treatments possible 
C) Convince patients that they do not want expensive treatments 
D) Practice conservatively to earn an incentive payment

Question 18

Which best describes the effects of Medicare and Medicaid? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) All persons who were temporarily disabled now receive free care 
B) A previously unseen rise in demand for services occurred 
C) Many persons previously without access now receive health care 
D) Medicare reimbursement rates became the standard for all insurance carriers 
E) Indemnity insurance plans were offered
F)Public health education was now financed. 
A) All persons who were temporarily disabled now receive free care 
B) A previously unseen rise in demand for services occurred 
C) Many persons previously without access now receive health care 
D) Medicare reimbursement rates became the standard for all insurance carriers 
E) Indemnity insurance plans were offered
F)Public health education was now financed.

Question 19

Which best describes a current trend related to health care services?

Accepted Answer

A) Nonprofit organizations are assuming responsibilities for service from for-profit organizations 
B) Health care organizations are offering services low in cost and higher in reimbursement 
C) Ways to minimize reimbursement using current procedural terminology (CPT)codes have been created 
D) Postponing computerized medical record programs increases profitability. 
A) Nonprofit organizations are assuming responsibilities for service from for-profit organizations 
B) Health care organizations are offering services low in cost and higher in reimbursement 
C) Ways to minimize reimbursement using current procedural terminology (CPT)codes have been created 
D) Postponing computerized medical record programs increases profitability.

Question 20

Which best describes the first government step in trying to stop constantly rising costs?

Accepted Answer

A) Insurance companies were told to cease adding new members to their plan 
B) Payment reimbursement was based on diagnosis and client characteristics rather than on treatment given 
C) Physicians were limited to a maximum amount that would be paid for any particular service 
D) Reimbursement was based on prospective payment,that is,in advance of admittance for care. 
A) Insurance companies were told to cease adding new members to their plan 
B) Payment reimbursement was based on diagnosis and client characteristics rather than on treatment given 
C) Physicians were limited to a maximum amount that would be paid for any particular service 
D) Reimbursement was based on prospective payment,that is,in advance of admittance for care.

Exam 12: Economics of Health Care

When was the idea of national health care insurance first debated in the United States?

A client living in the 1920s received health care services.Which would have been the most likely form of payment?

Which best describes how the government was successful at containing costs?

Which best describes what insurance companies did to decrease their constantly increasing costs? (Select all that apply.)

Which best describes why so many Americans continue to engage in unhealthy behaviors?

Which statement best summarizes all of the changes resulting from attempts to control costs?

Which action would be the least expensive approach to treating chronic diseases?

Which conclusion can be drawn from reviewing how health care costs are spread over a person's lifetime?

Which statement best describes a major event that occurred in the 1960s that affected health care?

Which best describes the health care services that are provided by philanthropic groups?

Which best describes what happens when a health care organization receives federal funding for a special health care need?

Which statement best describes why nurses should be knowledgeable about health care funding?

Which best describes what was done by large industrial giants to stop the constant increase in their costs for health insurance for their employees?

Which best describes how having health insurance has affected lifestyle behaviors?

Which best describes how hospitals initially coped when Medicare reimbursement became based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)?

Which was a major change after Medicare began a prescription drug benefit?

Which best describes how providers can legally improve their profit under the current reimbursement process?

Which best describes the effects of Medicare and Medicaid? (Select all that apply.)

Which best describes a current trend related to health care services?

Which best describes the first government step in trying to stop constantly rising costs?

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