Question 1

Which were the chief factors that led to the creation and growth of health insurance plans? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Hospitals banded together,and their leaders encouraged such plans 
B) Hospitals thought such a plan would allow them to expand further and faster 
C) It was an employer alternative to increasing employee pay compensation 
D) Nurses fought for the right of all citizens to purchase insurance as desired 
E) Physicians were concerned with nonpayment of their office fees
F)Politicians encouraged this alternative to government-supported health care. 
A) Hospitals banded together,and their leaders encouraged such plans 
B) Hospitals thought such a plan would allow them to expand further and faster 
C) It was an employer alternative to increasing employee pay compensation 
D) Nurses fought for the right of all citizens to purchase insurance as desired 
E) Physicians were concerned with nonpayment of their office fees
F)Politicians encouraged this alternative to government-supported health care. A,C

Question 2

Which did Lillian Wald help establish?

Accepted Answer

A) Child employment centers with shortened work days 
B) Daycare centers for preschool-aged children 
C) Nurseries for infants of working mothers 
D) School health nursing for school-aged children 
A) Child employment centers with shortened work days 
B) Daycare centers for preschool-aged children 
C) Nurseries for infants of working mothers 
D) School health nursing for school-aged children D

Question 3

How did Edwin Chadwick's ideas help decrease disease in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A) The minimum wage was increased leading to improved quality of life 
B) Parish workhouses where poverty-level children labored for their room and board were closed 
C) Social reform legislation resulted in changes such as sidewalks 
D) The new emphasis on individual responsibility encouraged people to act to protect their own health. 
A) The minimum wage was increased leading to improved quality of life 
B) Parish workhouses where poverty-level children labored for their room and board were closed 
C) Social reform legislation resulted in changes such as sidewalks 
D) The new emphasis on individual responsibility encouraged people to act to protect their own health. C

Question 4

Which statement best describes the increase in life expectancy among Americans during the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to advances in medical technology 
B) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to public health efforts 
C) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to improved physician education 
D) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to increased access to care. 
A) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to advances in medical technology 
B) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to public health efforts 
C) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to improved physician education 
D) Life expectancy increased by 30 years; the majority can be attributed to increased access to care.

Question 5

Which scientific belief or idea eventually changed medical practice and decreased morbidity and mortality?

Accepted Answer

A) Bad fluids cause disease,which can be cured by their removal 
B) Specific contagious organisms cause disease 
C) Spontaneous generation theory-disease grows naturally 
D) The miasmic theory-environmental conditions cause disease. 
A) Bad fluids cause disease,which can be cured by their removal 
B) Specific contagious organisms cause disease 
C) Spontaneous generation theory-disease grows naturally 
D) The miasmic theory-environmental conditions cause disease.

Question 6

A scholar during the Sanitary Revolution created medical topographies.What was the advantage of these surveys?

Accepted Answer

A) Citizens knew which wells were safe to use for drinking water 
B) People knew what housing areas to avoid 
C) Results demonstrated geographical factors related to regional disease 
D) The king could isolate areas of disease from safe areas. 
A) Citizens knew which wells were safe to use for drinking water 
B) People knew what housing areas to avoid 
C) Results demonstrated geographical factors related to regional disease 
D) The king could isolate areas of disease from safe areas.

Question 7

Why did local and state governments start to become more involved in controlling disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Hospitals were becoming overcrowded 
B) Businesses were unable to make a profit when employees were ill 
C) Physicians demanded government support in their individual efforts 
D) Citizens were becoming upset with local conditions. 
A) Hospitals were becoming overcrowded 
B) Businesses were unable to make a profit when employees were ill 
C) Physicians demanded government support in their individual efforts 
D) Citizens were becoming upset with local conditions.

Question 8

Which best describes the primary concern both historically and today for many people when they become ill?

Accepted Answer

A) Can they get an appointment to see their physician in a timely fashion? 
B) Can they get admitted to their local hospital without delay? 
C) How can they afford to take time off from work and lose pay to be ill? 
D) Will the expenses be covered by their health insurance? 
A) Can they get an appointment to see their physician in a timely fashion? 
B) Can they get admitted to their local hospital without delay? 
C) How can they afford to take time off from work and lose pay to be ill? 
D) Will the expenses be covered by their health insurance?

Question 9

Which best describes the overall result of Abraham Flexner's report?

Accepted Answer

A) All medical schools reorganized into the German model 
B) Citizens were encouraged to become more involved in medical education 
C) Folk healers again became more widely used than physicians 
D) Funding was withdrawn from weak medical schools. 
A) All medical schools reorganized into the German model 
B) Citizens were encouraged to become more involved in medical education 
C) Folk healers again became more widely used than physicians 
D) Funding was withdrawn from weak medical schools.

Question 10

Which best describes how John Snow was able to decrease deaths from cholera?

Accepted Answer

A) Removed a source of contaminated water 
B) Created the world's first antibiotic 
C) Encouraged the new process of vaccination 
D) Helped pass laws that required home quarantine 
A) Removed a source of contaminated water 
B) Created the world's first antibiotic 
C) Encouraged the new process of vaccination 
D) Helped pass laws that required home quarantine

Question 11

Which best describes the district nursing service created in the United States by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster?

Accepted Answer

A) House on Henry Street 
B) Visiting Nurses Association 
C) New York City District Nursing Service 
D) Wald and Brewster Nursing Service 
A) House on Henry Street 
B) Visiting Nurses Association 
C) New York City District Nursing Service 
D) Wald and Brewster Nursing Service

Question 12

Which best describes a modern public health practice that was originally developed as a means of self-protection from the Black Death (bubonic plague)?

Accepted Answer

A) Care in a hospital 
B) Chemical intervention 
C) Isolation and quarantine 
D) Herbal remedies 
A) Care in a hospital 
B) Chemical intervention 
C) Isolation and quarantine 
D) Herbal remedies

Question 13

Which best describes the achievement that Lemuel Shattuck is well known for in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) Publishing the census of Boston,which demonstrated the effect of sanitary reforms 
B) Demonstrating the usefulness of vital statistics by analyzing environmental data 
C) Developing ideas about public health care reform,which were eventually adopted 
D) Establishing a state board of health to deal with the problems he had noted 
A) Publishing the census of Boston,which demonstrated the effect of sanitary reforms 
B) Demonstrating the usefulness of vital statistics by analyzing environmental data 
C) Developing ideas about public health care reform,which were eventually adopted 
D) Establishing a state board of health to deal with the problems he had noted

Question 14

Which disease provided immunity to smallpox?

Accepted Answer

A) Cowpox 
B) Measles 
C) Mumps 
D) Scarlet fever 
A) Cowpox 
B) Measles 
C) Mumps 
D) Scarlet fever

Question 15

Which statement best explains the continued incidence of infectious disease in the United States today?

Accepted Answer

A) Illness theory explains that there are many causes of illness resulting from environmental conditions 
B) No single theory adequately explains why a particular person gets a particular illness at a particular time 
C) The germ theory explains that a specific infection is caused solely by the invasion of particular bacteria 
D) The theory of susceptibility states that an individual only gets ill when there is extensive stress in his or her life. 
A) Illness theory explains that there are many causes of illness resulting from environmental conditions 
B) No single theory adequately explains why a particular person gets a particular illness at a particular time 
C) The germ theory explains that a specific infection is caused solely by the invasion of particular bacteria 
D) The theory of susceptibility states that an individual only gets ill when there is extensive stress in his or her life.

Question 16

Which best describes the time period when communities began to agree on collective action to stay healthy?

Accepted Answer

A) When industrialization occurred 
B) When large urban centers began to develop and the population expanded 
C) When people gathered together to settle in villages 
D) When people were nomads engaged in hunting and gathering 
A) When industrialization occurred 
B) When large urban centers began to develop and the population expanded 
C) When people gathered together to settle in villages 
D) When people were nomads engaged in hunting and gathering

Question 17

Which is a major challenge for health care provider education today?

Accepted Answer

A) Ensuring that research findings related to families and groups are included in the curriculum 
B) Expanding the curriculum to allow additional experiences in community health settings outside the hospital 
C) Increasing course emphasis on environmental influences on health 
D) Refocusing the curriculum from care of the individual to needs of aggregates 
A) Ensuring that research findings related to families and groups are included in the curriculum 
B) Expanding the curriculum to allow additional experiences in community health settings outside the hospital 
C) Increasing course emphasis on environmental influences on health 
D) Refocusing the curriculum from care of the individual to needs of aggregates

Question 18

Which statement best summarizes Wald and Brewster's approach to home nursing?

Accepted Answer

A) "All services all the time" 
B) "Helping people to help themselves" 
C) "One person,one family,at a time" 
D) "Your home or ours" 
A) "All services all the time" 
B) "Helping people to help themselves" 
C) "One person,one family,at a time" 
D) "Your home or ours"

Question 19

Which best describes the primary focus of health care efforts in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) Acute illnesses and trauma 
B) Chronic diseases 
C) Diarrhea and starvation 
D) Infectious diseases 
A) Acute illnesses and trauma 
B) Chronic diseases 
C) Diarrhea and starvation 
D) Infectious diseases

Question 20

Which intervention was the first step in controlling the incidence of tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

A) Institutions were required to report TB cases 
B) Federal funding was devoted to seeking TB causes and cures 
C) Physicians began surveillance of TB cases 
D) States built large public hospitals to treat patients with TB. 
A) Institutions were required to report TB cases 
B) Federal funding was devoted to seeking TB causes and cures 
C) Physicians began surveillance of TB cases 
D) States built large public hospitals to treat patients with TB.

Exam 2: Historical Factors: Community Health Nursing in Context

Which were the chief factors that led to the creation and growth of health insurance plans? (Select all that apply.)

Which did Lillian Wald help establish?

How did Edwin Chadwick's ideas help decrease disease in the nineteenth century?

Which statement best describes the increase in life expectancy among Americans during the twentieth century?

Which scientific belief or idea eventually changed medical practice and decreased morbidity and mortality?

A scholar during the Sanitary Revolution created medical topographies.What was the advantage of these surveys?

Why did local and state governments start to become more involved in controlling disease?

Which best describes the primary concern both historically and today for many people when they become ill?

Which best describes the overall result of Abraham Flexner's report?

Which best describes how John Snow was able to decrease deaths from cholera?

Which best describes the district nursing service created in the United States by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster?

Which best describes a modern public health practice that was originally developed as a means of self-protection from the Black Death (bubonic plague)?

Which best describes the achievement that Lemuel Shattuck is well known for in the United States?

Which disease provided immunity to smallpox?

Which statement best explains the continued incidence of infectious disease in the United States today?

Which best describes the time period when communities began to agree on collective action to stay healthy?

Which is a major challenge for health care provider education today?

Which statement best summarizes Wald and Brewster's approach to home nursing?

Which best describes the primary focus of health care efforts in the United States?

Which intervention was the first step in controlling the incidence of tuberculosis (TB)?

Health: a Community View

Thinking Upstream: Nursing Theories and Population-Focused Nursing Practice

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Cultural Diversity and Community Health Nursing

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Health in the Global Community

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Populations Affected by Disabilities

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