Chat with AIExam 6: Research Design: Making Causal Inferences
What causes a spurious relationship?
(85) 
VerifiedA spurious relationship arises because two things, such as viewing negative ads and voting, are both affected by some third factor and thus appear to be related. Once this additional factor has been identified and controlled, the original relationship weakens or disappears altogether.
Please explain how an intervention analysis works. In your answer make sure to address when the dependent variable is measured and how the independent variable is introduced.
(76) VerifiedAn intervention analysis is a nonexperimental time series design, or "interrupted time series analysis," where measurements of a dependent variable are taken both before and after the "introduction" of an independent variable. Here we speak figuratively: as with the other nonrandomized designs, the occurrence of the independent variable is observed, not literally introduced or administered. We could observe, for instance, the annual poverty rate both before and after the ascension of a leftist party to see if regime change makes any difference on living standards. The premeasurements allow a researcher to establish trends in the dependent variable that are presumably unaffected by the independent variable so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn about post-treatment measures.
Why are experimental designs generally better for making causal inference than nonexperimental designs?
(72) VerifiedA nonexperimental design is a strategy for collecting information and data that will be used to test hypotheses and, if possible, make causal inferences. Such a design is characterized by at least one of the following: presence of a single group, lack of control over the assignment of subjects to groups, lack of control over the application of the independent variable, or inability to measure the dependent variable before and after exposure to the independent variable occurs. Because of these factors, causal inferences made using nonexperimental designs are not as strong as those possible through the classical randomized controlled experiment.
A _________ assertion suggests that a change in one thing brings about a change in another.
(71) What are the key differences between a multiple group experiment and a classical randomized experiment with only two groups?
(81) Which of the following research designs uses treatment and control groups, but the experimenter does not randomly assigned individual units to these groups?
(80) Please identify the most important potential problem with an experimental research design that measures post-test responses one week after pre-test responses.
(69) A ______________ is a cross-sectional design that introduces a time element.
(69) Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of an experimental design with respect to internal and external validity.
(97) In a ____________ design, measurements of the independent and dependent variables are taken at approximately the same time, and the researcher does not control or manipulate the independent variable, the assignment of subjects to treatment or control groups, or the conditions under which the independent variable is experienced.
(84) _______________ is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized across populations, times, and settings, is the touchstone for natural and social scientists alike.
(74) How would you design an experimental research design? Please use a substantive example in our answer.
(89) The initial measurement of variables in an experimental design is called a _________.
(78) A ____________ is a stimulus given to a treatment group in an experiment.
(75) A ________________ is a plan that shows how a researcher intends to study an empirical question.
(84) One difficulty with panel studies is that individuals may die, move away, or decide to drop out of the study-what researchers refer to as ____________.
(82) _____________ can creep into a study if subjects are picked (intentionally or not) according to some criterion and not randomly.
(70) How can you distinguish between causal relationships and spurious relationships?
(54) All of the following are true of a causal relationship except
(81) Which of the following experimental designs contains several pre-treatment and post-treatment measures, because it is not certain exactly how quickly the effect of the independent variable should be observed or when the most reliable pre-test measurement of the dependent variable should be taken?
(77) 
Filters
- Essay(0)
- Multiple Choice(0)
- Short Answer(0)
- True False(0)
- Matching(0)