Exam 2: The Chemistry of the Cell

In the lab,you choose to design a simple experiment to distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.You start by adding equal amounts of vinegar and oil to a container.After shaking,the vinegar and oil levels separate,based upon polarity and density.To this you add glucose and sodium citrate and shake again.Where do you expect to find the glucose and sodium citrate in greatest quantities?

As a protein is being synthesized,the correct folding of the protein is aided by the movement of nonpolar amino acids toward the inner areas of the protein.How can this phenomenon be explained?

The ________ of water is caused by the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

Which of the following biomolecules are long polymers of repeating monomers?

________ aid in the assembly of some biomolecules.

Although energy is ________ for polymerization,most macromolecules fold into their final three-dimensional conformations ________.

Biologically,which of the following is the least important characteristic of water?

The term amphipathic refers to those molecules that are

Single covalent carbon-carbon bonds have a bond energy of 83 kcal/mol while visible light from the sun has 40-70 kcal of energy per mole of photons.Why is this property of carbon-carbon bonds important for life on earth? Based on this observation,how could the degradation of the earth's atmosphere and an increase in high-energy ultraviolet radiation affect life on earth?

The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of ________.These molecules have regions that are polar and nonpolar and are therefore ________.

Which of the following is not a fundamental property of carbon?

Self-assembly can be used for which of the following applications?

________ and ________ groups are negatively charged functional groups of carbon,whereas the ________ group is a positively charged functional group.

Self-assembly of some structures may depend on

Which of the following is not an activated monomer?

Macromolecules can be assembled into ________ that are components of organelles and other subcellular organelles.

Which one of the following biological polymers is mismatched with its monomer?

Predict whether or not each of the following substances can cross a biological membrane directly.Give a reason for each prediction. a.Nucleotides b.Na⁺ c.Steroid hormones d.Polar amino acids e.Water f.Oxygen g.Cl^?

What atom forms the backbone of almost all biological molecules?