Exam 10: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Using Table 10-2 values,(a)what do you predict from the standard reduction potentials about the direction electrons will tend to flow between NADH and O₂,and (b)using the equation calculate the standard free energy change (?G^{°)associated with the transfer of electrons between NADH and O}₂^. Reaction: O₂ + 2 NADH + 2H^{+ = 2 H}₂O ^{+ 2 NAD+} Equation: ?G° = ?nF?E0' [n is the number of electrons transferred; F is the Faraday constant (23,062 cal/mol-V)

________ is the oxidation-driven flow of electrons through or within a membrane from reduced coenzymes to an electron acceptor,which is usually accompanied by the generation of ATP.

Because the citric acid cycle links degradation and synthesis,the pathway is classified as

The reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH occurs both in the ________ and in the ________ of the ________.

Why are mitochondria so prevalent in skeletal muscle?

Thermogenin in the inner membrane of brown fat cell mitochondria does all of the following except

Each of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle except

The F_oF₁ synthesis of ATP depends on delivery of electrons carried by NADH and FADH₂ to electron transport systems in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells or in the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells.What is the maximum number of ATPs generated for the following? a.one molecule of FADH₂ produced during the citric acid cycle b.one molecule of NADH produced during the citric acid cycle c.one molecule of NADH produced by glycolysis in a muscle cell that uses the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate shuttle d.one molecule of NADH produced by glycolysis in a liver cell using the mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle e.one molecule of FADH₂ produced during the citric acid cycle in a prokaryotic cell f.one molecule of NADH produced by glycolysis in a prokaryotic cell

The citric acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle are similar in many respects.Which of the following statements accurately describes these cycles?

Each of the following complexes pumps protons out of the matrix to generate the proton gradient except

Protruding from the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the matrix are knoblike spheres called ________ complexes,which are attached by a short protein stalk to a(n)________ complex.Together these complexes are referred to as the ________ complex.

The ATP synthase F_o complex is inhibited by the antibiotic ________,as indicated by the "o."

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA through the action of

When fats are used as an energy source,the glycerol portion enters ________ when it has been converted to ________.

When electrons flow through the electron transport system from NADH to oxygen,what is the sequence of molecules through which they move?

Respiration includes glycolysis,the ________,electron transport,and ________.

Which of the following processes is associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane?

Ketosis is characterized by

Multiprotein complexes known as ________ minimize diffusion distances and facilitate electron flow between electron transport complexes.

β-oxidation