Exam 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy

In Freud's oral stage,from birth to age 2,infants derive satisfaction through the mouth.

A 2-year-old pointing to the window to redirect her mother's attention from the television to the birds outside is a form of ________ awareness.

Once a child has developed a clear attachment,several other related behaviours begin to appear.Which of the following is a good example of these attachment-related behaviours?

Foundation is to house as ________ is to personality.

Between 2 and 5 months of age,babies begin to identify changes in emotions expressed by others by

Your friend Saeed,age 25,says that he often felt like the parent in his family when he was a child.While he tries hard to please his family,he is very angry at his parents for failing to be the parents he needed.Using the terminology psychologists have developed to classify the security or insecurity of an adult's attachment to his parents,Saeed's attachment most likely would be classified as

Attachment relationships are of particular value for infants because such relationships assure infants

Francois sees a stranger enter the room and he immediately looks at his mother's face.His mother reacts to the stranger by smiling.Francois is using

Describe the four-phase development of infants' attachment to their parents as suggested by Bowlby.Describe the related infant behaviours a parent might expect to observe during the time that attachment is forming.

Researchers have found that the levels of cortisol,a stress hormone,_____________ from morning to afternoon in infants who are enrolled in centre-based care.

The term "temperament" refers to

Harrison is a 1-year-old child who is pleasant and cooperative with most adults.When his mother is at home,he does not seek or approach her as he plays.If she leaves him to go to work,he does not greet her or seek her presence when she returns.Harrison most likely would be classified as having a(n)________ attachment.

An infant's emotional ties to a parent,from which the child derives security,is known as

Neurological variables have proven to be more causal than genetics in the development of temperament characteristics.

It is apparent that 2-year-old Hoshi has strong attachments to both his mother and his father.You might expect that if Hoshi falls off the swing and cuts his knee,he will turn to

In Canada,the most common pattern for non-parental care for infants and toddlers is

When a sense of attachment is developed,you feel

In interactions with older infants and toddlers,mothers specialize in routine caregiving and fathers specialize in playing or roughhousing.

The set of enduring behavioural and emotional predispositions that a child uses to approach their world is called

Describe how mental health disorders affect caregiver characteristics,contingent responsiveness,and attachment behaviours.Give examples to illustrate your points.