Question 1

Habituation is associated with which of the following changes in behavior over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  a slow increase in behaviors 
B)  a slow decrease in behaviors 
C)  a sudden change in behavior 
D)  no change in behaviors 
A)  a slow increase in behaviors 
B)  a slow decrease in behaviors 
C)  a sudden change in behavior 
D)  no change in behaviors

Question 2

According to Carol Dweck's BEATS model of personality, what is the final need for which everyone will strive?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-coherence 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  self-concept 
D)  self-esteem 
A)  self-coherence 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  self-concept 
D)  self-esteem

Question 3

According to previous research, women are generally higher than men in affect intensity. This finding may provide evidence for why

Accepted Answer

A)  it is more adaptive for women to express their anger than it is for men. 
B)  women are more emotionally intelligent compared to men. 
C)  women have a higher threshold for pain compared to men. 
D)  women are more prone to depression compared to men. 
A)  it is more adaptive for women to express their anger than it is for men. 
B)  women are more emotionally intelligent compared to men. 
C)  women have a higher threshold for pain compared to men. 
D)  women are more prone to depression compared to men.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of idiographic goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  current concerns 
B)  personal projects 
C)  developmental goals 
D)  personal strivings 
A)  current concerns 
B)  personal projects 
C)  developmental goals 
D)  personal strivings

Question 5

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist.
-Albert Bandura

Accepted Answer

A) S-R association theory 
B) If … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model 
A) S-R association theory 
B) If … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic stages of emotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  appraisal 
B)  motives 
C)  facial expressions 
D)  scripts 
A)  appraisal 
B)  motives 
C)  facial expressions 
D)  scripts

Question 7

According to the discussion in the text about personal goals, it is important to have the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  focus primarily on general, long-term goals. 
B)  make connections between short- and long-term goals. 
C)  focus primarily on very specific goals. 
D)  set general goals that are separate from your daily activities. 
A)  focus primarily on general, long-term goals. 
B)  make connections between short- and long-term goals. 
C)  focus primarily on very specific goals. 
D)  set general goals that are separate from your daily activities.

Question 8

What term describes a person who typically expects the worst so that they can be surprised or even relieved when the worst does not happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive optimists 
B)  defensive pessimists 
C)  strategic pessimists 
D)  reverse optimists 
A)  defensive optimists 
B)  defensive pessimists 
C)  strategic pessimists 
D)  reverse optimists

Question 9

What construct would Mischel prefer to replace the construct of personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancies 
B)  the self-system 
C)  cognitive-affective person units 
D)  if ... then contingencies 
A)  expectancies 
B)  the self-system 
C)  cognitive-affective person units 
D)  if ... then contingencies

Question 10

Match each definition with its type of goal.
-Nomothetic goals

Accepted Answer

A) Goals that everyone has 
B) Goals to improve oneself 
C) Goals that are long term and can organize broad areas of a person's life 
D) Goals that are specific to the individual 
E) Goals to validate an attribute in oneself 
A) Goals that everyone has 
B) Goals to improve oneself 
C) Goals that are long term and can organize broad areas of a person's life 
D) Goals that are specific to the individual 
E) Goals to validate an attribute in oneself

Question 11

A person with a developmental goal will most likely respond to failure with a(n) ________ pattern of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  helpless 
B)  mastery-oriented 
C)  anxiety-driven 
D)  pessimistic 
A)  helpless 
B)  mastery-oriented 
C)  anxiety-driven 
D)  pessimistic

Question 12

Goals that are unique to the individuals pursuing them are called ________ goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  strategic 
B)  judgment 
C)  nomothetic 
D)  idiographic 
A)  strategic 
B)  judgment 
C)  nomothetic 
D)  idiographic

Question 13

Behaviorists believe that personality differences can be entirely explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  learning. 
B)  behavioral traits. 
C)  phenomenological processes. 
D)  IQ. 
A)  learning. 
B)  behavioral traits. 
C)  phenomenological processes. 
D)  IQ.

Question 14

Research has examined the degree to which individuals' optimistic and pessimistic strategies persist across various contexts. The results of this research suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  correlations of strategy use across contexts range from about .30 to .40. 
B)  correlations of strategy use across contexts are essentially zero. 
C)  the correlation of strategy use across contexts is about .30 for optimism but about -.30 for pessimism. 
D)  the correlation of strategy use across contexts is about -.30 for optimism but about .30 for pessimism. 
A)  correlations of strategy use across contexts range from about .30 to .40. 
B)  correlations of strategy use across contexts are essentially zero. 
C)  the correlation of strategy use across contexts is about .30 for optimism but about -.30 for pessimism. 
D)  the correlation of strategy use across contexts is about -.30 for optimism but about .30 for pessimism.

Question 15

According to the concept of affective forecasting, positive events won't ________ as one might expect, and negative events won't ________ as one might expect.

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to as much happiness; lead to as much misery 
B)  last as long; be as short lasting 
C)  be as frequent; be as infrequent 
D)  be as complex; be as simple 
A)  lead to as much happiness; lead to as much misery 
B)  last as long; be as short lasting 
C)  be as frequent; be as infrequent 
D)  be as complex; be as simple

Question 16

According to the central ideas of behaviorism, what are the three main types of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness, stimulus-response associations, if … then associations 
B)  habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning 
C)  humanism, hedonism, associationism 
D)  reinforcement, punishment, conditioning 
A)  learned helplessness, stimulus-response associations, if … then associations 
B)  habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning 
C)  humanism, hedonism, associationism 
D)  reinforcement, punishment, conditioning

Question 17

Given that Rory works hard on his golf game and pursues excellence, he should score high in which of McClelland's primary goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement 
B)  domination 
C)  mastery 
D)  performance 
A)  achievement 
B)  domination 
C)  mastery 
D)  performance

Question 18

Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because

Accepted Answer

A)  they occur at the exact same time. 
B)  the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes well before the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). 
C)  one event changes the meaning of the other event. 
D)  they have similar perceptual features. 
A)  they occur at the exact same time. 
B)  the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes well before the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). 
C)  one event changes the meaning of the other event. 
D)  they have similar perceptual features.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding a meal that caused you to have food poisoning in the past 
B)  experiencing nostalgia when visiting a previous residence 
C)  not studying for an exam because of many previous failed attempts 
D)  rewarding a dog for good behavior with a treat 
A)  avoiding a meal that caused you to have food poisoning in the past 
B)  experiencing nostalgia when visiting a previous residence 
C)  not studying for an exam because of many previous failed attempts 
D)  rewarding a dog for good behavior with a treat

Question 20

Understanding the situation and changing one's behavior accordingly requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic goals 
B)  insight 
C)  nomothetic goals 
D)  personality 
A)  idiographic goals 
B)  insight 
C)  nomothetic goals 
D)  personality

Habituation is associated with which of the following changes in behavior over time?

According to Carol Dweck's BEATS model of personality, what is the final need for which everyone will strive?

According to previous research, women are generally higher than men in affect intensity. This finding may provide evidence for why

Which of the following is NOT a type of idiographic goal?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Albert Bandura

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic stages of emotion?

According to the discussion in the text about personal goals, it is important to have the ability to

What term describes a person who typically expects the worst so that they can be surprised or even relieved when the worst does not happen?

What construct would Mischel prefer to replace the construct of personality traits?

Match each definition with its type of goal. -Nomothetic goals

A person with a developmental goal will most likely respond to failure with a(n) ________ pattern of behavior.

Goals that are unique to the individuals pursuing them are called ________ goals.

Behaviorists believe that personality differences can be entirely explained by

Research has examined the degree to which individuals' optimistic and pessimistic strategies persist across various contexts. The results of this research suggest that

According to the concept of affective forecasting, positive events won't as one might expect, and negative events won't as one might expect.

According to the central ideas of behaviorism, what are the three main types of learning?

Given that Rory works hard on his golf game and pursues excellence, he should score high in which of McClelland's primary goals?

Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because

Which of the following is NOT an example of classical conditioning?

Understanding the situation and changing one's behavior accordingly requires which of the following?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 14: Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

Habituation is associated with which of the following changes in behavior over time?

According to Carol Dweck's BEATS model of personality, what is the final need for which everyone will strive?

According to previous research, women are generally higher than men in affect intensity. This finding may provide evidence for why

Which of the following is NOT a type of idiographic goal?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Albert Bandura

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic stages of emotion?

According to the discussion in the text about personal goals, it is important to have the ability to

What term describes a person who typically expects the worst so that they can be surprised or even relieved when the worst does not happen?

What construct would Mischel prefer to replace the construct of personality traits?

Match each definition with its type of goal. -Nomothetic goals

A person with a developmental goal will most likely respond to failure with a(n) ________ pattern of behavior.

Goals that are unique to the individuals pursuing them are called ________ goals.

Behaviorists believe that personality differences can be entirely explained by

Research has examined the degree to which individuals' optimistic and pessimistic strategies persist across various contexts. The results of this research suggest that

According to the concept of affective forecasting, positive events won't ________ as one might expect, and negative events won't ________ as one might expect.

According to the central ideas of behaviorism, what are the three main types of learning?

Given that Rory works hard on his golf game and pursues excellence, he should score high in which of McClelland's primary goals?

Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because

Which of the following is NOT an example of classical conditioning?

Understanding the situation and changing one's behavior accordingly requires which of the following?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

According to the concept of affective forecasting, positive events won't as one might expect, and negative events won't as one might expect.