Question 1

What does recent research suggest about the validity of first impressions?

Accepted Answer

A)  First impressions based on configural properties of faces may have some validity. 
B)  First impressions based on the size of the target's nose have a surprising amount of validity. 
C)  First impressions based on the shape of the target's mouth have a surprising amount of validity. 
D)  First impressions based on face judgments have no validity. 
A)  First impressions based on configural properties of faces may have some validity. 
B)  First impressions based on the size of the target's nose have a surprising amount of validity. 
C)  First impressions based on the shape of the target's mouth have a surprising amount of validity. 
D)  First impressions based on face judgments have no validity.

Question 2

According to a study referenced in the text on personality judgments from close acquaintances (Kolar et al., 1996), acquaintance judgments were more accurate than self-judgments in predicting

Accepted Answer

A)  overt behavior. 
B)  emotional experiences. 
C)  life satisfaction. 
D)  job satisfaction. 
A)  overt behavior. 
B)  emotional experiences. 
C)  life satisfaction. 
D)  job satisfaction.

Question 3

Given what we know about trait visibility and judgment, which of the following traits would be difficult to judge?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional stability 
B)  extraversion 
C)  physical appearance 
D)  social dominance 
A)  emotional stability 
B)  extraversion 
C)  physical appearance 
D)  social dominance

Question 4

People who enjoy upbeat, conventional music tend to be higher in what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  cheerfulness 
B)  talkativeness 
C)  imagination 
D)  intelligence 
A)  cheerfulness 
B)  talkativeness 
C)  imagination 
D)  intelligence

Question 5

What was the boundary on the acquaintanceship effect identified by Colvin and Funder (1991)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The advantage of close acquaintances vanishes when the criterion is the ability to predict behavior in a situation similar to one that strangers have seen but acquaintances have not. 
B)  Judgments made by acquaintances who have known the target for 5 years are as valid as judgments made by parents and acquaintances who have known the target for 20 years. 
C)  Strangers' judgments are more accurate than acquaintances' judgments when the criterion is self-other agreement. 
D)  Strangers' judgments, based on a 5-minute videotape of the target's behavior, demonstrated these judges' ability to generalize to situations and contexts that were very different from the videotaped interactions. 
A)  The advantage of close acquaintances vanishes when the criterion is the ability to predict behavior in a situation similar to one that strangers have seen but acquaintances have not. 
B)  Judgments made by acquaintances who have known the target for 5 years are as valid as judgments made by parents and acquaintances who have known the target for 20 years. 
C)  Strangers' judgments are more accurate than acquaintances' judgments when the criterion is self-other agreement. 
D)  Strangers' judgments, based on a 5-minute videotape of the target's behavior, demonstrated these judges' ability to generalize to situations and contexts that were very different from the videotaped interactions.

Question 6

A variable that affects the relation between two other variables is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  moderator. 
B)  catalyst. 
C)  transmitter. 
D)  residual. 
A)  moderator. 
B)  catalyst. 
C)  transmitter. 
D)  residual.

Question 7

According to the text, ________ does not seem to significantly improve as judges acquire more information, whereas ________ does seem to improve considerably.

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy; consensus 
B)  consensus; accuracy 
C)  predictive validity; reliability 
D)  consensus; interjudge agreement 
A)  accuracy; consensus 
B)  consensus; accuracy 
C)  predictive validity; reliability 
D)  consensus; interjudge agreement

Question 8

Match the most applicable stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model with each hypothetical successful or failed judgment.
-A good trait is displayed in a range of contexts.

Accepted Answer

A) Availability 
B) Relevance 
C) Utilization 
D) Detection 
E) Judgment
F)Understanding 
A) Availability 
B) Relevance 
C) Utilization 
D) Detection 
E) Judgment
F)Understanding

Question 9

A judge may see a target's behavior, pay attention to the behavior, and use the behavior in his or her judgment about the target's personality. However, for the personality judgment to be accurate, the

Accepted Answer

A)  observed behavior must be relevant to the trait being judged. 
B)  behavior must be unusual and distinctive. 
C)  judge must have observed the behavior on multiple occasions. 
D)  personality trait must be cross-situationally consistent. 
A)  observed behavior must be relevant to the trait being judged. 
B)  behavior must be unusual and distinctive. 
C)  judge must have observed the behavior on multiple occasions. 
D)  personality trait must be cross-situationally consistent.

Question 10

Consider the following scenario: A courageous person rushes into a burning building to save a child. Which of the following represents a likely reason that accurate judgment of this person's courageousness might fail?

Accepted Answer

A)  The actor does not display important cues for courageousness. 
B)  The situation doesn't allow for the display of courageousness. 
C)  A judge sees the courageous act and applies that information to his or her judgment. 
D)  A judge's eyes are irritated due to the smoke in the air and he or she is unable to see the situation unfold. 
A)  The actor does not display important cues for courageousness. 
B)  The situation doesn't allow for the display of courageousness. 
C)  A judge sees the courageous act and applies that information to his or her judgment. 
D)  A judge's eyes are irritated due to the smoke in the air and he or she is unable to see the situation unfold.

Question 11

Match the most applicable stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model with each hypothetical successful or failed judgment.
-The situation is not applicable for displaying a trait.

Accepted Answer

A) Availability 
B) Relevance 
C) Utilization 
D) Detection 
E) Judgment
F)Understanding 
A) Availability 
B) Relevance 
C) Utilization 
D) Detection 
E) Judgment
F)Understanding

Question 12

According to evolutionary theory, humans should be able to judge the trait of ________ more accurately than other traits that are less important for the survival of the species.

Accepted Answer

A)  social intelligence 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  sociability 
D)  sociosexuality 
A)  social intelligence 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  sociability 
D)  sociosexuality

Question 13

The basic reason that research on the accuracy of personality judgments experienced a lengthy hiatus between 1955 and the mid-1980s was that

Accepted Answer

A)  early researchers had already identified the characteristics of a good judge of personality. 
B)  researchers turned their attention to the content of personality judgments. 
C)  researchers lacked consensual criteria for deciding the accuracy of personality judgments. 
D)  early research indicated that personality judgments are relatively inconsequential. 
A)  early researchers had already identified the characteristics of a good judge of personality. 
B)  researchers turned their attention to the content of personality judgments. 
C)  researchers lacked consensual criteria for deciding the accuracy of personality judgments. 
D)  early research indicated that personality judgments are relatively inconsequential.

Question 14

The degree to which an individual expresses sophistication and creativity when telling a story accurately reflects how ________ he or she is.

Accepted Answer

A)  extraverted 
B)  neurotic 
C)  conscientious 
D)  open to experience 
A)  extraverted 
B)  neurotic 
C)  conscientious 
D)  open to experience

Question 15

According to the text, what is one of the reasons accurate self-knowledge is a hallmark of mental health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Someone with accurate self-knowledge scores higher on IQ tests. 
B)  Someone with accurate self-knowledge is also in a good position to make good life decisions. 
C)  Someone with accurate self-knowledge tends to behave in risky behaviors. 
D)  Accurate self-knowledge is not a hallmark of mental health at all. 
A)  Someone with accurate self-knowledge scores higher on IQ tests. 
B)  Someone with accurate self-knowledge is also in a good position to make good life decisions. 
C)  Someone with accurate self-knowledge tends to behave in risky behaviors. 
D)  Accurate self-knowledge is not a hallmark of mental health at all.

Question 16

Which of the following is the strongest situation using the psychological definition of a strong situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a party 
B)  an unstructured job interview 
C)  a funeral 
D)  free time on a Saturday afternoon 
A)  a party 
B)  an unstructured job interview 
C)  a funeral 
D)  free time on a Saturday afternoon

Question 17

Imagine your new roommate makes her bed carefully each morning. What might you infer with some accuracy about her personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is conscientious. 
B)  She is open to experience. 
C)  She is depressed. 
D)  She is extremely extraverted. 
A)  She is conscientious. 
B)  She is open to experience. 
C)  She is depressed. 
D)  She is extremely extraverted.

Question 18

What is the best description of the acquaintanceship effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your acquaintances are more accurate than you are when judging your personality. 
B)  The more information you have about someone, the more accurate your judgment of his or her personality. 
C)  The longer you have known someone, the less accurate your judgment of his or her personality. 
D)  People judge their friends more favorably than they judge their enemies. 
A)  Your acquaintances are more accurate than you are when judging your personality. 
B)  The more information you have about someone, the more accurate your judgment of his or her personality. 
C)  The longer you have known someone, the less accurate your judgment of his or her personality. 
D)  People judge their friends more favorably than they judge their enemies.

Question 19

According to research described in the textbook, about how often did the more "competent"-looking candidate win in the 2004 senate races?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 percent of the time 
B)  50 percent of the time 
C)  70 percent of the time 
D)  100 percent of the time 
A)  20 percent of the time 
B)  50 percent of the time 
C)  70 percent of the time 
D)  100 percent of the time

Question 20

What are the two primary criteria for evaluating personality judgments?

Accepted Answer

A)  interjudge agreement and internal consistency 
B)  internal consistency and behavioral prediction 
C)  interjudge agreement and behavioral prediction 
D)  predictive validity and behavioral prediction 
A)  interjudge agreement and internal consistency 
B)  internal consistency and behavioral prediction 
C)  interjudge agreement and behavioral prediction 
D)  predictive validity and behavioral prediction

What does recent research suggest about the validity of first impressions?

According to a study referenced in the text on personality judgments from close acquaintances (Kolar et al., 1996), acquaintance judgments were more accurate than self-judgments in predicting

Given what we know about trait visibility and judgment, which of the following traits would be difficult to judge?

People who enjoy upbeat, conventional music tend to be higher in what trait?

What was the boundary on the acquaintanceship effect identified by Colvin and Funder (1991)?

A variable that affects the relation between two other variables is known as a

According to the text, does not seem to significantly improve as judges acquire more information, whereas does seem to improve considerably.

Match the most applicable stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model with each hypothetical successful or failed judgment. -A good trait is displayed in a range of contexts.

A judge may see a target's behavior, pay attention to the behavior, and use the behavior in his or her judgment about the target's personality. However, for the personality judgment to be accurate, the

Consider the following scenario: A courageous person rushes into a burning building to save a child. Which of the following represents a likely reason that accurate judgment of this person's courageousness might fail?

Match the most applicable stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model with each hypothetical successful or failed judgment. -The situation is not applicable for displaying a trait.

According to evolutionary theory, humans should be able to judge the trait of ________ more accurately than other traits that are less important for the survival of the species.

The basic reason that research on the accuracy of personality judgments experienced a lengthy hiatus between 1955 and the mid-1980s was that

The degree to which an individual expresses sophistication and creativity when telling a story accurately reflects how ________ he or she is.

According to the text, what is one of the reasons accurate self-knowledge is a hallmark of mental health?

Which of the following is the strongest situation using the psychological definition of a strong situation?

Imagine your new roommate makes her bed carefully each morning. What might you infer with some accuracy about her personality?

What is the best description of the acquaintanceship effect?

According to research described in the textbook, about how often did the more "competent"-looking candidate win in the 2004 senate races?

What are the two primary criteria for evaluating personality judgments?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 5: Personality Judgment

What does recent research suggest about the validity of first impressions?

According to a study referenced in the text on personality judgments from close acquaintances (Kolar et al., 1996), acquaintance judgments were more accurate than self-judgments in predicting

Given what we know about trait visibility and judgment, which of the following traits would be difficult to judge?

People who enjoy upbeat, conventional music tend to be higher in what trait?

What was the boundary on the acquaintanceship effect identified by Colvin and Funder (1991)?

A variable that affects the relation between two other variables is known as a

According to the text, ________ does not seem to significantly improve as judges acquire more information, whereas ________ does seem to improve considerably.

Match the most applicable stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model with each hypothetical successful or failed judgment. -A good trait is displayed in a range of contexts.

A judge may see a target's behavior, pay attention to the behavior, and use the behavior in his or her judgment about the target's personality. However, for the personality judgment to be accurate, the

Consider the following scenario: A courageous person rushes into a burning building to save a child. Which of the following represents a likely reason that accurate judgment of this person's courageousness might fail?

Match the most applicable stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model with each hypothetical successful or failed judgment. -The situation is not applicable for displaying a trait.

According to evolutionary theory, humans should be able to judge the trait of ________ more accurately than other traits that are less important for the survival of the species.

The basic reason that research on the accuracy of personality judgments experienced a lengthy hiatus between 1955 and the mid-1980s was that

The degree to which an individual expresses sophistication and creativity when telling a story accurately reflects how ________ he or she is.

According to the text, what is one of the reasons accurate self-knowledge is a hallmark of mental health?

Which of the following is the strongest situation using the psychological definition of a strong situation?

Imagine your new roommate makes her bed carefully each morning. What might you infer with some accuracy about her personality?

What is the best description of the acquaintanceship effect?

According to research described in the textbook, about how often did the more "competent"-looking candidate win in the 2004 senate races?

What are the two primary criteria for evaluating personality judgments?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

According to the text, does not seem to significantly improve as judges acquire more information, whereas does seem to improve considerably.