Question 1

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

granivores

Question 2

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands,the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Accepted Answer

A) smaller bodies. 
B) smaller bills. 
C) earlier maturation. 
D) larger bills. 
E) larger territories. 
A) smaller bodies. 
B) smaller bills. 
C) earlier maturation. 
D) larger bills. 
E) larger territories. D

Question 3

Field experiments differ from laboratory experiments in that

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory experiments include controls,but field experiments need not. 
B) field experiments can be more easily replicated than laboratory experiments. 
C) laboratory experiments allow variables not of direct interest to be controlled,while in field experiments these typically vary. 
D) field experiments can teach us about ecological systems,but laboratory experiments cannot. 
E) field experiments are often used by ecologists,but laboratory experiments never are. 
A) laboratory experiments include controls,but field experiments need not. 
B) field experiments can be more easily replicated than laboratory experiments. 
C) laboratory experiments allow variables not of direct interest to be controlled,while in field experiments these typically vary. 
D) field experiments can teach us about ecological systems,but laboratory experiments cannot. 
E) field experiments are often used by ecologists,but laboratory experiments never are. C

Question 4

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

Accepted Answer

A) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C) aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D) aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E) belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
A) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C) aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D) aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E) belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.

Question 5

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for:

Accepted Answer

A) character displacement. 
B) the niche. 
C) self-thinning rule. 
D) competitive exclusion principle. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) character displacement. 
B) the niche. 
C) self-thinning rule. 
D) competitive exclusion principle. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) competitors. 
B) precocial. 
C) mutualists. 
D) allopatric. 
E) sympatric. 
A) competitors. 
B) precocial. 
C) mutualists. 
D) allopatric. 
E) sympatric.

Question 7

Competition between members of a single species is called

Accepted Answer

A) cohort specific competition. 
B) species specific competition. 
C) interspecific competition. 
D) intraspecific competition. 
E) interference competition. 
A) cohort specific competition. 
B) species specific competition. 
C) interspecific competition. 
D) intraspecific competition. 
E) interference competition.

Question 8

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Accepted Answer

A) interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B) intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C) intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D) predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E) Actually,the model implies that two competitors can never coexist. 
A) interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B) intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C) intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D) predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E) Actually,the model implies that two competitors can never coexist.

Question 9

Evolution of distinct niches in the presence of competition is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

character

Question 10

Ecologists sometimes use __________________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

Accepted Answer

A) character displacement 
B) mathematical or laboratory models 
C) competition coefficients 
D) replication 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) character displacement 
B) mathematical or laboratory models 
C) competition coefficients 
D) replication 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles,which of the following was true?

Accepted Answer

A) T.confusum and T.castaneum had identical niches. 
B) T.confusum and T.castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C) T.confusum and T.castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D) T.confusum and T.castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions,but not all. 
E) T.confusum and T.castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation. 
A) T.confusum and T.castaneum had identical niches. 
B) T.confusum and T.castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C) T.confusum and T.castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D) T.confusum and T.castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions,but not all. 
E) T.confusum and T.castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation.

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Accepted Answer

A) the height of tidal fluctuations 
B) the fetch of the estuary 
C) latitude 
D) temperature 
E) rainfall frequency 
A) the height of tidal fluctuations 
B) the fetch of the estuary 
C) latitude 
D) temperature 
E) rainfall frequency

Question 13

In plants,"self-thinning" refers to reduction in

Accepted Answer

A) the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B) the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C) both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D) population density in response to competition,as population biomass increases. 
E) population density due to grazing by herbivores. 
A) the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B) the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C) both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D) population density in response to competition,as population biomass increases. 
E) population density due to grazing by herbivores.

Question 14

Self-thinning in a stand of trees

Accepted Answer

A) increases biomass per individual. 
B) decreases stand density. 
C) results in death of less competitive individuals. 
D) is a result of intraspecific competition. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) increases biomass per individual. 
B) decreases stand density. 
C) results in death of less competitive individuals. 
D) is a result of intraspecific competition. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Within a species,all individuals have identical niches.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Gause's "competitive exclusion principle" states that

Accepted Answer

A) when two species occur together,competition is always prevented by some behavioral adjustment. 
B) no two species can coexist indefinitely. 
C) no two competing species can coexist indefinitely. 
D) no two species with identical niches can coexist indefinitely. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) when two species occur together,competition is always prevented by some behavioral adjustment. 
B) no two species can coexist indefinitely. 
C) no two competing species can coexist indefinitely. 
D) no two species with identical niches can coexist indefinitely. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model,the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Accepted Answer

A) Morphological differences between a pair of sympatric species are statistically greater than the differences between allopatric populations of the same species. 
B) The observed differences between sympatric and allopatric populations have a genetic basis. 
C) Variation in the character must have a known effect on the use of resources. 
D) There must be demonstrated competition for the resource under question and competition must be directly correlated with similarity in the character. 
E) All of the choices are included in the list of criteria that must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement. 
A) Morphological differences between a pair of sympatric species are statistically greater than the differences between allopatric populations of the same species. 
B) The observed differences between sympatric and allopatric populations have a genetic basis. 
C) Variation in the character must have a known effect on the use of resources. 
D) There must be demonstrated competition for the resource under question and competition must be directly correlated with similarity in the character. 
E) All of the choices are included in the list of criteria that must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement.

Question 19

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ____________,while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) competition from mussels,prolonged immersion in water 
B) competition from mussels,competition with Balanus 
C) prolonged exposure to air,competition with Balanus 
D) prolonged exposure to air,competition with algae 
E) predation by wading birds,predation by starfish 
A) competition from mussels,prolonged immersion in water 
B) competition from mussels,competition with Balanus 
C) prolonged exposure to air,competition with Balanus 
D) prolonged exposure to air,competition with algae 
E) predation by wading birds,predation by starfish

Question 20

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations,if $\alpha$21 > 1,then

Accepted Answer

A) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced equally by individuals of either species 1 or species 2. 
B) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 2 than by each individual of species 1. 
C) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 1 than by each individual of species 2. 
D) We would also have to know the value of K2 to decide which of the above is true. 
E) We cannot tell from the parameters of the equation which of the choices is true. 
A) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced equally by individuals of either species 1 or species 2. 
B) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 2 than by each individual of species 1. 
C) the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 1 than by each individual of species 2. 
D) We would also have to know the value of K2 to decide which of the above is true. 
E) We cannot tell from the parameters of the equation which of the choices is true.

Exam 13: Competition

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands,the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Field experiments differ from laboratory experiments in that

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for:

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Competition between members of a single species is called

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Evolution of distinct niches in the presence of competition is called _____________.

Ecologists sometimes use __________________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles,which of the following was true?

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

In plants,"self-thinning" refers to reduction in

Self-thinning in a stand of trees

Within a species,all individuals have identical niches.

Gause's "competitive exclusion principle" states that

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model,the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ____________,while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ___________.

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations,if α\alphaα 21 > 1,then

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by __,while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by _.

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations,if $\alpha$ ₂₁ > 1,then