Exam 9: Operant Applications

The author of your text suggests that operant procedures may be useful not only in treating medical disorders, but also in assessing them. Describe how operant learning was used to assess the learning ability of infants born prematurely.

Tarpley and Schroeder attempted to reduce face-slapping in an 8-year-old boy by providing food when the boy played with a ball. The result was that face-slapping __________.

Your text describes the use of _______ to get a bull elephant to cooperate with having his toenails trimmed.

Betty Hart and Todd Risley found that the parents who provided the most instruction and practice in language later had the children with the best-developed verbal skills.

Researchers have demonstrated that the rate of work-related accidents can be reduced by reinforcing safe practices with bonuses and time off, but why are such efforts necessaryn other words, why do workers not follow safe practices spontaneously since they benefit by avoiding injuries?

A study by John Austin and colleagues increased safe practices in roofers by providing those who followed safe practices at least 80% of the time with ________.

At Morningside Academy, student achievement test scores in reading and math typically rise two grade levels in one school year.

Sometimes the reinforcer that maintains self-injurious behavior is escape from an unpleasant task.

Self-injurious behavior sometimes occurs in healthy people, including college students.

John gets into fights on a regular basis, always with formidable opponents. He has often been injured in these fights and knows that he runs the risk of sustaining serious brain damage or other permanent injuries, yet he continues to fight. John is a very successful professional boxer. This example illustrates that bizarre behavior _________.

Hal __________ pioneered the use of operant procedures to improve the quality of life of captive wild animals.

Skinner devised a mechanical teaching machine that divided the material to be learned into short segments called ________.

There is no scientific support for symptom substitution.

The first teaching machines were designed by ___________.

Most teachers reprimand students more often than they praise them.

Research demonstrates that when teachers provide positive consequences for good behavior and ignore minor misbehavior, the usual result is an increase in both good and bad behavior.

Taub's research suggests that one reason people do not recover following a stroke or injury that causes paralysis is because they do not use the damaged limb.

The Lamere study found that performance-based bonuses improved productivity, but there was no difference between the effects of a 9% bonus and a 3% bo73) Completion

In the treatment of long-standing self-injurious behavior, punishment is often ________.

Eddie McNamara's study showed that praising students when they are "on task" does not increase the frequency of on-task behavior in adolescents.