Exam 5: Reinforcement

In one of Thorndike's puzzle boxes, a door would fall open when a cat stepped on a treadle, thus allowing the cat to reach food outside the box. Eventually the cat would step on the treadle as soon as it Was put into the box. Thorndike concluded that ________.

E. L. Thorndike's studies of learning started as an attempt to understand _______.

Thorndike plotted the results of his puzzle box experiments as graphs. The resulting curves show a _____ with succeeding trials.

Pavlovian and operant learning often occur together.

The opposite of a conditioned reinforcer is a ______.

Operant learning probably always involves Pavlovian conditioning as well.

The level of deprivation is less important when the reinforcer used is a(n) _________reinforcer.

Premack's name is most logically associated with _______.

Positive reinforcement is sometimes called _______.

According to the one-process theory of avoidance, the avoidance response is reinforced by _______.

_______ reinforcers are those that have been arranged by someone.

Unexpected reinforcers produce more dopamine than expected reinforcers. Completion

People can learn to behave randomly provided that reinforcers are made contingent on random acts.

Positive reinforcement is sometimes called ______ learning.

Another term for operant is instrumental.

Using ESB as a reinforcer, Talwar and his colleagues got such effective control over the behavior of rats that journalists called the animals robo-rats.

Reprimands, restraint, captivity, and electrical shocks can be reinforcers

Mary's grandmother, Pearl, is from the Old Country. Although she knows some English, she continues to speak her native tongue. Pearl can't go anywhere without a member of the family because she can't communicate with people about prices, directions, bus routes, etc. Pearl's resistance to learning English is most likely the result of ______.

The number of operant procedures indicated in the contingency square is ______.

_______ theory assumes that a behavior becomes reinforcing when we are prevented from performing it as ofen as we normally would.