Exam 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

While many facial expressions of emotions are universal, __________ display rules indicate there are factors that may alter nonverbal communication.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that we make a self-serving attribution?

The authors of your text present a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008) that examined cultural differences in social perception. They compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or mismatched the central character's facial expression. Which group of participants spent more time looking at people in the periphery?

Display rules communicate a culture's ideas about what emotions are appropriate to express in public. There are gender differences in which emotions women and men should display. In addition, evolutionally, there are sex differences in the ease of decoding certain emotions. Describe which emotions are appropriate to display for men and women in the various cultures discussed in your text, and compare how that relates to which emotions are most easily decoded because of our evolutionary heritage.

Jack and Jill just saw a fellow student arrive late for class. Jack immediately assumes the student overslept, while Jill thinks the student must have been caught in traffic. Jack is making a(n) __________ attribution, while Jill is making a(n) ___________ attribution.

The "hand purse" gesture means "good" or "slow down" in some cultures. In American culture, it doesn't have a clear meaning; therefore, it is a(n) __________.

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of nonverbal communication?

The tendency to infer that people's behavior corresponds to or matches their underlying personality disposition is known as the __________.

The processes of decoding nonverbal communications and using schemas during impression formation are both examples of __________ processes.

Judy forms a circle with her thumb and forefinger to communicate to her sister that everything is okay. Although in America this is a common gesture, it may be interpreted differently elsewhere in the world. What kind of gesture is this?

According to the authors of your text, how frequently should people make internal attributions to explain other people's behavior?

"Jen's bicycle was stolen yesterday," Jason said, "and that's why she's so cranky today." Jason has just used an ________ to explain the cause of Jen's behavior.

A group of pedestrians is standing on a corner, waiting for the light to change. A driver runs the red light and narrowly misses another car. According to work on the two-step process of making attributions, who is most likely to point out how quickly the light changed from amber to red when explaining the near accident?

What are consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness information, and how do they combine to yield internal, external, and situational attributions? Give an example.

When a person makes the fundamental attribution error, he or she is most likely to infer that behavior is due to __________.

Research indicates that humans can form an initial impression of others based solely on their facial appearance in less than __________ milliseconds.

Social perception helps us in __________ and in being __________.

The study presented in your text where participants were asked to look at pictures and judge the sexual orientation of the individual in the picture demonstrated that __________.

Rafael has always hated mathematics courses. However, he likes most other courses at the university. Most other students tend to avoid math courses whenever possible, too. Given this information about consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus, most people would make a(n) __________ attribution for Rafael's attitude.

The basic type of information people use about others to form impressions and understand them is __________.