Question 1

People __________ those they perceive to be engaging in self-handicapping strategies.

Accepted Answer

A)  feel very sorry for 
B)  are more likely to assist 
C)  do not like 
D)  will grant grace for 
A)  feel very sorry for 
B)  are more likely to assist 
C)  do not like 
D)  will grant grace for

Question 2

Complete the analogy: task-contingent rewards are to __________ as performance-contingent rewards are to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation 
B)  completed task; did well 
C)  assignment; exam 
D)  motivation; completion 
A)  intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation 
B)  completed task; did well 
C)  assignment; exam 
D)  motivation; completion

Question 3

Residents who live in states that were settled __________ by European Americans tend to have a more independent view of the self than do residents in East Coast states.

Accepted Answer

A)  more recently 
B)  a long time ago 
C)  predominantly 
D)  only 
A)  more recently 
B)  a long time ago 
C)  predominantly 
D)  only

Question 4

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, the two factors necessary to experience an emotion are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological arousal and motivation 
B)  physiological arousal and appropriate explanation 
C)  physiological arousal and psychological arousal 
D)  psychological interest and ability 
A)  physiological arousal and motivation 
B)  physiological arousal and appropriate explanation 
C)  physiological arousal and psychological arousal 
D)  psychological interest and ability

Question 5

`Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jermaine, who checks the distribution of scores on his final examination 
B)  Toni, who reads William Faulkner to assess her own writing skills 
C)  Chet, who checks his stopwatch and vows to run faster next time 
D)  Daniel, who feels better when he realizes that rich people pay a lot more in taxes than he does 
A)  Jermaine, who checks the distribution of scores on his final examination 
B)  Toni, who reads William Faulkner to assess her own writing skills 
C)  Chet, who checks his stopwatch and vows to run faster next time 
D)  Daniel, who feels better when he realizes that rich people pay a lot more in taxes than he does

Question 6

According to the authors of your text, one major problem with preparing excuses in advance of possible failure is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  we may come to believe those excuses and exert less effort to succeed 
B)  others may believe our excuses and make us the object of pity 
C)  an excess of excuses can lead to negative attributions of irresponsibility 
D)  when people believe our excuses, we overestimate our abilities 
A)  we may come to believe those excuses and exert less effort to succeed 
B)  others may believe our excuses and make us the object of pity 
C)  an excess of excuses can lead to negative attributions of irresponsibility 
D)  when people believe our excuses, we overestimate our abilities

Question 7

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  she presets her car radio to a classical music station 
B)  she cannot pick up other stations on her car radio 
C)  her husband chooses the stations on the car radio 
D)  the car radio gets stuck on a classical music station and she cannot change it 
A)  she presets her car radio to a classical music station 
B)  she cannot pick up other stations on her car radio 
C)  her husband chooses the stations on the car radio 
D)  the car radio gets stuck on a classical music station and she cannot change it

Question 8

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam. She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her, and he accepts enthusiastically. Just prior to calling Sam, Lauren took some allergy medicine. Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The allergy medicine she just took, she knows, makes her hyper and excited. 
B)  The allergy medicine she just took, unknown to her, causes mild arousal. 
C)  The allergy medicine she just took, she knows, causes mild arousal. 
D)  The allergy medicine she just took, unknown to her, causes relaxation and sleepiness. 
A)  The allergy medicine she just took, she knows, makes her hyper and excited. 
B)  The allergy medicine she just took, unknown to her, causes mild arousal. 
C)  The allergy medicine she just took, she knows, causes mild arousal. 
D)  The allergy medicine she just took, unknown to her, causes relaxation and sleepiness.

Question 9

According to research mentioned in this chapter, when researchers discontinued rewards and prizes, elementary school children spent less time playing math games. The children probably reasoned, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  "If I no longer win prizes, why should I play with these games?" 
B)  "My teacher must not like the games, or she would offer prizes" 
C)  "The games must be good, or why would my teacher give me prizes?" 
D)  "If I work hard on my spelling, maybe I can win prizes" 
A)  "If I no longer win prizes, why should I play with these games?" 
B)  "My teacher must not like the games, or she would offer prizes" 
C)  "The games must be good, or why would my teacher give me prizes?" 
D)  "If I work hard on my spelling, maybe I can win prizes"

Question 10

Researchers asked high school juniors what they were thinking at several points throughout the day. They found that the more students were thinking of themselves, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the more they were using their smartphones 
B)  the more likely they were in a bad mood 
C)  the less exercise they were getting 
D)  the less time they spent sleeping 
A)  the more they were using their smartphones 
B)  the more likely they were in a bad mood 
C)  the less exercise they were getting 
D)  the less time they spent sleeping

Question 11

Misattribution of arousal can best be defined as the process by which people make __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel as they do 
B)  poor choices when faced with a difficult decision 
C)  inferences about their own emotions through introspection 
D)  correct assumptions about threatening aspects of their situation 
A)  mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel as they do 
B)  poor choices when faced with a difficult decision 
C)  inferences about their own emotions through introspection 
D)  correct assumptions about threatening aspects of their situation

Question 12

If you are experiencing physiological arousal (heart pounding, feeling warm and a bit shaky), according to the two-factor theory of emotion, what would you do next to provide an interpretation of the arousal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Look for cues from the environment 
B)  Introspect 
C)  Use self-awareness 
D)  Recall the last time you consumed caffeine 
A)  Look for cues from the environment 
B)  Introspect 
C)  Use self-awareness 
D)  Recall the last time you consumed caffeine

Question 13

One of the limitations of using introspection as a source of information about the self is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it takes up valuable cognitive resources 
B)  we cannot objectively observe our own behaviors 
C)  it may result in our being self-centered 
D)  some reasons for our behavior are outside of our conscious awareness 
A)  it takes up valuable cognitive resources 
B)  we cannot objectively observe our own behaviors 
C)  it may result in our being self-centered 
D)  some reasons for our behavior are outside of our conscious awareness

Question 14

In Japan, you can rent fake guests for a wedding, a fake audience for a public lecture, and fake mourners for a funeral. These "convenience agencies" (benriya) exist because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  many Japanese spend so much time at work that they do not have time to attend special events 
B)  many Japanese spend so much time at work that they don't have time to develop friendships 
C)  the "fake" guests are a longstanding Japanese tradition, which villagers used to do for free but which now has become commercialized 
D)  the Japanese are very concerned with avoiding the public embarrassment of not having "enough" attendees at social events 
A)  many Japanese spend so much time at work that they do not have time to attend special events 
B)  many Japanese spend so much time at work that they don't have time to develop friendships 
C)  the "fake" guests are a longstanding Japanese tradition, which villagers used to do for free but which now has become commercialized 
D)  the Japanese are very concerned with avoiding the public embarrassment of not having "enough" attendees at social events

Question 15

Briefly describe the tenets of self-awareness theory, and explain some cognitive and behavioral consequences of self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness theory posits that when w

Question 16

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it will increase his chances of making the Dean's List 
B)  it is a requirement to pass the course 
C)  he wants his professor to write him a letter of recommendation 
D)  Franklin seems to savor immersing himself in writing 
A)  it will increase his chances of making the Dean's List 
B)  it is a requirement to pass the course 
C)  he wants his professor to write him a letter of recommendation 
D)  Franklin seems to savor immersing himself in writing

Question 17

When there are no objective criteria and we feel uncertain, with whom are we most likely to compare ourselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anyone who happens to be available as a standard of comparison 
B)  Those who are similar to us on the relevant dimension 
C)  Those who are different from us on the relevant dimension d Those who are slightly better than we are on the relevant dimension 
A)  Anyone who happens to be available as a standard of comparison 
B)  Those who are similar to us on the relevant dimension 
C)  Those who are different from us on the relevant dimension d Those who are slightly better than we are on the relevant dimension

Question 18

According to the authors of your text, the overjustification effect is the tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by something __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic, thus undermining their intrinsic motivation 
B)  intrinsic, thus overshadowing their extrinsic motivation 
C)  overjustified by intrinsic motivation 
D)  rewardable, but not punishable 
A)  extrinsic, thus undermining their intrinsic motivation 
B)  intrinsic, thus overshadowing their extrinsic motivation 
C)  overjustified by intrinsic motivation 
D)  rewardable, but not punishable

Question 19

A basic tenet of self-perception theory is that we infer our feelings from our behavior when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the reasons for our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous 
B)  the reasons for our attitudes or feelings are clear 
C)  we can easily identify external reasons for our feelings 
D)  we think about how others perceive us 
A)  the reasons for our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous 
B)  the reasons for our attitudes or feelings are clear 
C)  we can easily identify external reasons for our feelings 
D)  we think about how others perceive us

Question 20

Social comparison theory suggests that in order to learn about our own abilities and attitudes, we __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use introspection 
B)  compare ourselves to others 
C)  examine our past behaviors 
D)  must experience both arousal and cognition 
A)  use introspection 
B)  compare ourselves to others 
C)  examine our past behaviors 
D)  must experience both arousal and cognition

People __________ those they perceive to be engaging in self-handicapping strategies.

Complete the analogy: task-contingent rewards are to as performance-contingent rewards are to .

Residents who live in states that were settled __________ by European Americans tend to have a more independent view of the self than do residents in East Coast states.

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, the two factors necessary to experience an emotion are __________.

`Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

According to the authors of your text, one major problem with preparing excuses in advance of possible failure is that __________.

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when __________.

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam. She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her, and he accepts enthusiastically. Just prior to calling Sam, Lauren took some allergy medicine. Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

According to research mentioned in this chapter, when researchers discontinued rewards and prizes, elementary school children spent less time playing math games. The children probably reasoned, __________.

Researchers asked high school juniors what they were thinking at several points throughout the day. They found that the more students were thinking of themselves, __________.

Misattribution of arousal can best be defined as the process by which people make __________.

If you are experiencing physiological arousal (heart pounding, feeling warm and a bit shaky), according to the two-factor theory of emotion, what would you do next to provide an interpretation of the arousal?

One of the limitations of using introspection as a source of information about the self is that __________.

In Japan, you can rent fake guests for a wedding, a fake audience for a public lecture, and fake mourners for a funeral. These "convenience agencies" (benriya) exist because __________.

Briefly describe the tenets of self-awareness theory, and explain some cognitive and behavioral consequences of self-awareness.

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because __________.

When there are no objective criteria and we feel uncertain, with whom are we most likely to compare ourselves?

According to the authors of your text, the overjustification effect is the tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by something __________.

A basic tenet of self-perception theory is that we infer our feelings from our behavior when __________.

Social comparison theory suggests that in order to learn about our own abilities and attitudes, we __________.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

People __________ those they perceive to be engaging in self-handicapping strategies.

Complete the analogy: task-contingent rewards are to __________ as performance-contingent rewards are to __________.

Residents who live in states that were settled __________ by European Americans tend to have a more independent view of the self than do residents in East Coast states.

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, the two factors necessary to experience an emotion are __________.

`Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

According to the authors of your text, one major problem with preparing excuses in advance of possible failure is that __________.

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when __________.

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam. She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her, and he accepts enthusiastically. Just prior to calling Sam, Lauren took some allergy medicine. Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

According to research mentioned in this chapter, when researchers discontinued rewards and prizes, elementary school children spent less time playing math games. The children probably reasoned, __________.

Researchers asked high school juniors what they were thinking at several points throughout the day. They found that the more students were thinking of themselves, __________.

Misattribution of arousal can best be defined as the process by which people make __________.

If you are experiencing physiological arousal (heart pounding, feeling warm and a bit shaky), according to the two-factor theory of emotion, what would you do next to provide an interpretation of the arousal?

One of the limitations of using introspection as a source of information about the self is that __________.

In Japan, you can rent fake guests for a wedding, a fake audience for a public lecture, and fake mourners for a funeral. These "convenience agencies" (benriya) exist because __________.

Briefly describe the tenets of self-awareness theory, and explain some cognitive and behavioral consequences of self-awareness.

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because __________.

When there are no objective criteria and we feel uncertain, with whom are we most likely to compare ourselves?

According to the authors of your text, the overjustification effect is the tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by something __________.

A basic tenet of self-perception theory is that we infer our feelings from our behavior when __________.

Social comparison theory suggests that in order to learn about our own abilities and attitudes, we __________.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Complete the analogy: task-contingent rewards are to as performance-contingent rewards are to .